Computing of Personality Interference in Muslim World

With the rise of Computer Science and the Internet, in particular, the Muslim world has shifted its dynamics on an industrial scale. Whether its alternative interpretations of Islam or questions about it, the Internet has been as all new medium to reach the masses. On the other hand, social intelligence has always been considered vital for understanding and managing soft-biometric traits of a person we are communicating. So what actually is social intelligence? Although it has always been a mystery to understand how humans interact with each other and explore the world in a global era. Learning ability, perceiving ability and adaptation to a new environment are usually linked with intelligence. The ongoing research in cognitive science has increased our understanding of intelligence. According to research, it has been clarified that it is not one or two factors that are responsible for intelligence but rather there is a range of abilities to determine social intelligence.

Parental Perception, Child Temperament, Cognitive Appraisal and Anger Expression in Children With Emotional Behavioral Problems

The present research investigated anger expression in children with emotional behavioural problems and its relationship with parental perception, child temperament, and cognitive appraisal in Pakistani cultural context. The research was initiated with the hypotheses that authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved, parental perception would positively relate whereas authoritative parental perception would negatively relate with anger expression in children. Parental Perception, child temperament and cognitive appraisal would likely to predict anger expression in children. Role of child temperament as moderator and cognitive appraisal as mediator was also studied. The present research was carried out in two studies. In Study I an indigenous anger expression scale was developed, validated and standardized. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation and kaiser normalization generated four factors that were labeled as externalized anger, feeling of rejection, hostility and violence, and internalized anger. Moreover four measures including State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 for Children and Adolescents (Brunner & Spilberger 2009), Parental Perception Questionnaire (Pasquali et al, 2012), School Aged Temperament Inventory (McClowry, 1995) and Child Appraisal Questionnaire (Hood, Power, & Hill, 2009) were translated into Urdu following the standardized forward-backward translation procedures. In Study II, cross sectional research design was followed and a sample of 450 children including 225 children with emotional-behavioural problems and 225 emotionally healthy children were drawn from three hospitals and four schools in Lahore city. The age range of children was 9 through 13 (M=11.35, SD=1.36). Results indicated that authoritarian parental perception positively related and predicted while authoritative, permissive and uninvolved parental perception negatively related and predicted anger expression in children with xx emotional behavioural problems and emotionally healthy children. Likewise uninvolved parental perception positively related and predicted internalized anger expression. Child temperament significantly moderated and cognitive appraisal (significance, predictability and self- blame) significantly mediated the relationship in between parental perception and anger expression in children. Children with emotional behavioural problems were obtained higher scores on externalized anger expression and hostility and violence subscale. Gender differences were also observed but only for internalized anger expression i.e girls obtained higher scores. The findings and their implications were discussed on the part of parents, educators, researchers and clinicians.