6۔سیاسی سطح پر قوت فیصلہ کی کمی اور عدم دلچسپی
حدود و قصاص قوانین کے نفاذ کےعمل میں ایک بڑی رکاوٹ حکومتی سطح پر قوت فیصلہ کی کمی اور عدم دلچسپی ہے ۔ اسلامی قوانین کے نفاذ کا کام جب بھی کیا جائے گا تو اس سے بہت سے لوگوں کے مفادات پر زدپڑے گی ۔ اس کام کو پایہ تکمیل تک پہنچانے کے لیے سیکولر طبقات ، سیاسی مفادات اور ملکی و غیر ملکی دباؤ کی پرواہ نہ کرتے ہوئے حکومت کو جرات مندانہ اقدام اٹھانا پڑیں گے ۔ ضرورت پڑنے پر قوت اور طاقت کا استعمال بھی کرنا پڑے گا ۔ رسو ل اللہ ﷺ نے حکومت اور حاکم کے حوالے سے ارشاد فرمایا
"فَالْاِسْلَامُ اُسٌّ وَالسُّلْطَانُ حَارِسٌ وَّمَا لَا اُسَّ لَہُ یھَدِمٌ وَّمَا لَا حَارِسَ لَہ ضَائِعٌ " 501
" پس اسلام کی مثال ایک عمارت کی سی ہے اور حکومت گویا اس کی نگہبان ہے جس عمارت کی بنیاد نہ ہو وہ گرجاتی ہے اور جس کا نگہبان نہ ہو وہ لوٹ لیا جاتا ہے۔"
لہذا اسلام کی عمارت قائم رکھنے کے لیے ایک مضبوط بنیاد اور طاقت ور دیانتدار چوکیدار کی ضرورت ہے۔ اب تک یہ ہوتا رہا ہے کہ ایک طبقے نے دباؤ ڈالا تو حکومت نے کوئی چھوٹا سا اسلامی قانون نا فذ کر دیا۔ لیکن جو کچھ ایک ہاتھ سے دیا، وہ دوسرے ہاتھ سے واپس بھی لے لیا ۔ اسلامی قوانین کے نفاذ اور عمل درآمد کے حوالے سے حکومتی لوگوں کے سیریس نہ ہونے کے حوالے سے مولانا زاہد الراشدی رقم طراز ہیں
" کہ بحیثیت قوم ہمارے قومی ادارے اور کسی استثنا کے بغیر ہمارے تمام ریاستی ادارے نہ اسلام کے نظام میں سنجیدہ ہیں ، نہ سودی نظام کے خاتمے میں ، اور نہ ہی قومی خود مختاری کے حصول میں۔ انہیں اس سے کوئی دلچسپی...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread organism, caused severe nosocomial infection in human and associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR)Objective: The present study was carried out to observe current antimicrobial resistant pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Lahore and to detect the Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) gene in carbapenem resistantPseudomonas aeruginosaMethods: By screening 360 samples total 123 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by standard microbiology techniques such as microscopy and biochemical testing. The isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for drug resistance by disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to identify the carbapenem resistance causing gene (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) Results: Following antibiotic resistant pattern was observed, Gentamycin (59.00%), Ceftazidime(58.7%), Ceftriaxone (58.00%), Cefotazime (57.0%) and Ciprofloxacin (55.00%). Resistance rates to carbapenem group of antibiotics is Doripenem (30.5%) Meropenem(31.0%) and Imipenem (28.0%). Out of 123 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 28 isolates were found resistant to carbapenem group of antibiotic which was supposed to be highly sensitive for this bacterium. Molecular based identification of resistance genes showed that bla-IMP gene was present in 32.1% (09) and bla-VIM was found positive in 17.8% (04) samples. Metallo-beta-lactamasesproducing genes (bla-VIM and bla-IMP), amongcarbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detectedin 28.1% of samples. If other carbapenem resistant gene were also included this number might be higherConclusions: PCRbased test should be included in routine laboratory examination for quick detection of the resistancecausing genes.
Sixteen spring wheat varieties grown during the crop year 2005-06 were characterized for their physicochemical, biochemical, technological (bread and chapatti baking) and immunochemical (ELISA) properties. The physical characteristics such as thousand kernel weight and test weight varied significantly among the wheat varieties. The wheat variety C-273 possessed the highest test weight while the Kohinoor 83 yielded significantly the lowest test weight. The other chemical constituents like moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, SDS-sedimentation value, pelshenke value and falling number differed significantly among wheat varieties in both whole wheat flour and straight grade flour. Similarly, a significant variation occurred in the mineral profile like calcium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese among different wheat varieties. The whole wheat flour contained higher minerals content as compared to straight grade flour. The wheat flour of Pasban-90 variety got the maximum scores for bread and chapatti making quality and GA-02 got the lowest scores. In biochemical characterization high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) were observed in different wheat varieties. The highest number of polypeptide bands for HMW- GS were identified in wheat varieties Pak-81 (80.1kDa to 103.6kDa), Pasban-90 (75.4kDa to 100.3kDa) and Iqbal-2000 (80.8kDa to 102.9kDa). The LMW-GS represented approximately 60% of the total wheat glutenin fractions of different wheat varieties and their molecular weight ranged from 32.3kDa to 67.4kDa. The antibody response assessed through animal modeling using rabbits as test animal showed significant variation in antibody response against HMG and LMG. The antibody response against HMG varied from 0.30 to 0.70 among different wheat varieties. The maximum antibody response against HMG was observed in wheat variety Iqbal-2000 (0.70) and for LMG, the maximum antibody response (0.90) was recorded in wheat variety MH-97. The lowest antibody response was exhibited by the LMG of wheat varieties i.e. Punjab-81, C-273 and FSD-85 which was 0.55, 0.55 and 0.58 respectively. Correlation studies showed significant relationship of HMG and LMG with different quality attributes and sensory parameters of chapatti and bread. A significant and positive correlation was observed between HMG antibody response with crude protein, farinographic water absorption, SDS-sedimentation value, wet gluten and sensoric attributes of both bread and chapatti like color, flavor, texture, taste, aroma and breakability. The LMG antibody response was negatively correlated with flour characteristics and sensorial attributes but with non-significant difference. The immunochemical studies may provide a single tool for the appraisal of the end use quality of wheat varieties.