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Home > Metal-Microbe Interaction in Municipal Solid Waste Compost Amended Soil and its Effect on Maize Zea May L. Growth

Metal-Microbe Interaction in Municipal Solid Waste Compost Amended Soil and its Effect on Maize Zea May L. Growth

Thesis Info

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Author

Waqas, Ahmad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Soil Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10194/1/Ahmad%20Waqas_Soil%20Sci_2018_UAF_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726635382

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The use of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) can be very helpful in agricultural soils because of its associated useful characteristics. It improves soil physico-chemical properties, soil microbial biomass (SMB), mitigates soil diseases and enhanced soil organic matter (SOM) etc. However, the threat related to toxic heavy metal presence in MSWC can limit its extensive use as a soil amendment in agriculture. Higher heavy metals concentrations can decrease SMB, soil microbial ecology and activities of enzymes etc. The microbial processes affect transformation of metals which influence the availability of these metals in soil. The microbiological processes can either solubilize metals which may result in their potential toxicity and bioavailability or immobilize them. A lot of work has been done on the effect of toxic heavy metals on soil microorganisms, however, the research work is mainly experimented in acidic soils. The data regarding metal–microbe interaction in alkaline calcareous soils amended with MSWC is very limited. A study was planned to evaluate the effect of heavy metals present in MSWC on SMB and how soil microorganisms (Enterobacter sp. MN-17 (ST1) and Bacillus sp. MN-54 (ST2)) transform cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The effect of MSWC on heavy metals availability, and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) was studied. The role of biochar and metal tolerant bacterial strain (MN-17) was also assessed to reduce metal availability in MSWC amended soils. Results showed that the increase in MSWC rate from 5 to 20 t ha-1 significantly increased the SMB (C and N) and soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA). MSWC application at 20 t ha-1 showed highest values of SMB C (21 %), SMB N (111 %) and DHA (25%) over control. No negative impacts were observed on the soil quality indicators by applying higher rates of MSWC during the whole incubation period. The addition of metal tolerant strains (MN-17 and MN-54) showed significant difference in reducing the exchangeable fraction of Cd and Pb in MSWC amended soil. Soil microbial biomass C and N and soil dehydrogenase enzyme concentrations were also increased by the addition of metal tolerant strains in MSWC. It was noticed that the metal tolerant bacterial strains can affect the mobility of metals through microbial transformation in soil and can reduce the exchangeable fraction of heavy metals in MSWC amended soil. Furthermore, roots of maize plants showed the highest metal concentrations which might act as a barrier for Pb, resulting in reduced concentrations of Pb in shoot of maize. However, the uptake of Cd remained higher from roots to shoots in maize vii plant. MSWC showed a positive impact on the plant growth and physiological parameters. Soil quality parameters (SMB and DHA) were also enhanced in soil where maize plants were grown upon the application of MSWC. In addition, poultry manure biochar and metal tolerant strain MN-17 and their combination remained more effective in the immobilization of Cd (66%) and Pb (61%) in MSWC amended soil. The mixing of biochar and metal tolerant strain MN-17 alone and their combination with MSWC showed better growth and physiological parameters as compared to the plants grown in MSWC amended soil. Soil microbial biomass C and N and soil dehydrogenase enzyme concentrations were also increased by the addition of biochar and MN-17 in MSWC amended soil. With incorporation of MSWC in soil, no detrimental effects of heavy metals on maize plant growth and soil microbial biomass were found. However, due to the high bioavailability potential of Cd and Pb, the repeated applications of MSWC would carry a risk of Cd and Pb build-up in soil.
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27. Al-Naml/The Ant

27. Al-Naml/The Ant

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

27:01
a. Ta. Sin.
b. These are the Messages of The Divine Qur’an, and, a Clear Book.

27:02
a. It is a Guidance, and,
b. a source of good news for the believers.

27:03
a. The believers are those who:
- establish the Salat/Prayers, and
- pay out the Zakat/annual charity, and
- it is they who believe with certainty in the realm of the Hereafter.

27:04
a. Surely, as for those who do not believe in the realm of the Hereafter,
b. WE have made their evil deeds appear enticing to them,
c. so that they wander confused in their worldly lives.

27:05
a. It is they for whom is going to be an awful punishment,
b. and it is they who are going to be the worst losers in the realm of the Hereafter.

27:06
a. And, for sure, you - O The Prophet – are receiving the Qur’an from the One WHO is
All-Wise, All-Knowing.

27:07
a. And visualize the time when Moses said to his family:
b. ‘I believe - I perceive a fire on the mountain.
c. You wait here I will go and bring you some information from there, or at least a firebrand
- so you may warm up yourselves.’

27:08
a. So when he came close to it, a Voice called out:
b. ‘Blessed be WHOEVER is within the Fire, and whoever is around it!

c. And Exalted be Allah - Rabb - The Lord...

Plating versus Ilizarov Technique for Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Comparative Study on Functional Outcome and Patient Satisfaction

ObjectiveTo compare clinical and functional outcomes and complications of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) by plating and Ilizarov technique in complex tibial plateau fractures. MethodsThis study is a randomized clinical trial accompanying 56 patients having Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures. We divided patients into two groups for management. Group I; open reduction internal fixation versus Ilizarov technique (Group II). We conducted at the Orthopedics Department, Jinnah post-graduate medical centre, Karachi, from April-2018 to Oct2020. The endpoint assessed patients’ satisfaction and clinical and functional outcomes up to an 18-month follow-up. ResultsThe aetiology of tibial fracture was mainly road traffic accidents (RTA); 17 (70.9%) in ORIF versus 23 (71.8%) in the Ilizarov group. According to clinical outcomes, excellent extension lag was achieved in 100% of patients in both groups. Most patients had excellent knee flexion, thigh atrophy and instability outcomes (54.1% vs 59.37%, 87.5% vs 81.2% and 83.3% vs 87.5%). The functional outcome assessment was done and recorded for 18 months of follow-up. There was no significant difference in normal walking, stair climbing, squatting, jumping and duck walking between the groups. The overall rate of complications was similar; 11 (45.8%) in ORIF versus 17 (53.12%) in the Illizarov group (p-value 0.78). ConclusionOur study concludes that there is an excellent clinical and functional outcome found in both procedures.   DOI: https: //doi. Org/10.59564/amrj/01.01/008

Fingerprint Distortion Removal and Enhancement by Effective Use of Contextual Filtering

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