پاکستان میں جبری شادیوں كے اسباب و محرکات

Before the advent of Islam, a woman was considered as property, with no rights at all. They did not have the right to choose a husband. Islam liberated women and gave them the basic rights. Unfortunately, in Pakistan many parents and legal guardians misinterpret and misuse the guardianship of their children, especially with reference to marriage. They deny some religious rights to their children because of local traditions, customs and taboos. Forcing children to marry against their wishes, does not conform to the Islamic code. Forced marriages are considered illegle in Shariah. Even in the case of marriage of a minor arranged, by a father or a grandfather, the girl has the right to cancal it on reaching Puberty. According to Shariah the boy and the girls has the right to turn to a court for a settlement of the issue.

Causes of Delay in the Administration of Civil Justice: A Study of Lower Courts in Kp Pakistan

To ensure smooth running of all organs of state and provision of conducive environment to investment and progress timely disposition of civil cases is necessary. Despite the widespread concerns about the problem of delay in disposition of justice in civil cases, the solutions have not kept up with the growth of the problem in Pakistan. The purpose of this research was to assess quantitatively the role of different factors in such delays. The study was descriptive and hypotheses testing in nature in which quantitative research approach in the form of a survey were used. The survey was conducted in six districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Appropriate sample size was picked from the population consisting of lawyers, judges and litigants of these districts on the basis of Cochran formula. For data collection a specifically designed questionnaire was used which was intended to measure four main categories of causes of delay i.e. judicial causes, procedural lacunas, budgetary insufficiency, and lawyers’ related causes. Correlation, regression, one way ANOVA and two independent sample t tests were conducted for data analysis. The results of the study ranked budgetary insufficiency as the highest contributor to delay followed by procedural lacunas and Lawyers related causes while the judicial causes remained at the tail of the continuum. Despite availability of qualitative work on the subject the magnitude of role of different causes of delay was not completely understood and quantitative data was required for more accurate understanding of the issue. The results of this dissertation urges for demonstration of generosity while allocating budget for judiciary and revision of civil procedures. Moreover it also underscores the necessity of inciting sense of responsibility through seminars, workshops and other activities in lawyers to decrease the incidence of frivolous litigation.