Modeling of high strength and wear resistance aluminum alloy based casting of composite material developed via conventional foundry method which is one of the most economical versatile and active research area and so for has not been thoroughly investigated. Due to complex nature of the composite materials and their related problems such as the nonlinear relationship between composition, processing parameters, heat treatment with the strength and abrasive wear, resistance can more efficiently be modeled by artificial neural networks. The artificial neural networks modeling requires sufficient data concerned with chemical composition , processing parameters and the resulting mechanical properties which were not available for such type of modeling. Therefore, a wide range of experimental work was conducted for the development of aluminum composites using conventional foundry method. Alloy containing Cu-Mg- Zn as matrix and reinforced with 1- 15 % Al 2 O 3 particles were prepared using stir casting method. The molten alloys composites were cast in metal mold. More than eighty standard samples were prepared for tensile tests and sixty samples were given solution treatment at 580 0 C for 1⁄2 hour and tempered at 120 0 C for 24 hours. Various characterization techniques apparatus such as X-ray Spectrometer, Scanning Electron Microscope, Optical Metallurgical Microscope, Universal Tensile Testing Machine, Vickers Hardness and Abrasive Wear Testing Machine were used to investigate the chemical composition, microstructural features, density, tensile strength, ductility (elongation), hardness and abrasive wear resistance. xixThese investigations including the material development and characterization were used for data generations as needed for modeling of high strength and abrasive wear résistance aluminum cast composites. For modeling purpose a multilayer perceptron (MLP) feedforward was developed and back propagation learning algorithm was used for training, testing and validation of the model. The modeling results shows that an architecture of 14 inputs with 9 hidden neurons and 4 outputs which include the tensile strength, elongation, hardness and abrasive wear resistance gives reasonably accurate results with an error within the range of 2-7 % in training, testing and validation. The modeling results shows that an alloy contents 2-3 % Cu, 2-3 % Mg, 3-5 % Zn reinforced with 10 % Al 2 O 3 can successfully be developed for highest strength (297 MPa) and highest abrasive wear résistance (0.4 gm weight loss /15 minutes using stir casting method. The modeling results also suggest that it is possible to develop the highest strength 466 MPa tensile strength and highest abrasive wear resistance aluminum alloy based casting composite materials having the matrix composition of 6 % Si, 2 % Mg with 3 % Zn reinforced with 2-5 % Al 2 O 3 particles.
ڈاکٹر طہٰ حسین افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں عالمِ اسلام کی دو بلند پایہ اور نامور شخصیتیں ہم سے جُدا ہوگئیں، اوریہ دونوں مصری تھیں، ایک ڈاکٹر طہٰ حسین اوردوسرے شیخ ابوزہرہ۔اول الذکر بچپن میں ہی نابینا ہوگئے تھے لیکن اس کے باوجود علم وفضل اور ادب وانشاء میں وہ کمال پیدا کیا کہ نہ صرف مصرکے بلکہ مشرق کی ایک نامور شخصیت بن گئے۔ انھوں نے جامعۂ ازہر قاہرہ یونیورسٹی اورپھر فرانس میں تعلیم حاصل کی تھی، اس بناء پروہ کلاسکل اورجدید دونوں ادبیات کے مبصر اورصاحبِ فن نقاد تھے، ایک زمانہ میں پروفیسر مارگولیوتھ کی ہمنوائی میں انھوں نے اشعر الجاہلی کے نام سے جوکتاب لکھی تھی اس پر مصر میں ان کے خلاف اس قدر شدید ہنگامے ہوئے کہ لوگوں نے ان کاسوشل بائیکاٹ کردیا اور گورنمنٹ نے بھی کتاب کی اشاعت ممنوع قراردے دی۔اس کے بعد ڈاکٹر طہٰ حسین نے قابلِ اعتراض حصّہ کوخارج کرکے اسی کتاب کو الادب الجاہلی کے نام سے شائع کیا، اس کے علاوہ اورمتعدد کتب ، مثلاً حدیث الاربعاء تین جلدوں میں، علی ہامش السیرۃ، الشیخان، الفتنۃ الکبری، مراۃ الاسلام، الایام، وغیرہ مرحوم کی یادگار ہیں۔ لیکن ان کا اصل میدان ادبی تنقید تھا۔علاوہ ازیں وہ ایک خاص طرزِ تحریر کے بانی اور موجد تھے جس میں نسیم سحر کی لطافت، دریا کی روانی شعلہ کی لپک اورسیلِ رواں کی طاقت سب گھل مل گئے ہیں۔عرب کی نئی نسل کے ذہن اور فکر پرڈاکٹر طہٰ حسین کے قلم کے بہت گہرے اثرات ہیں اوراس حیثیت سے وہ بے شبہ عہدِ جدید کے ادبی معماروں میں ایک ممتاز مرتبہ ومقام کے مالک ہیں۔ [مئی ۱۹۷۴ء]
The Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), introduced in 2008-09, is a unique cash support scheme for economically stressed families. Its uniqueness arises from several facets. The cash transfers are provided only to women aged over 18 years and have been ever married. It is unconditional and aimed at supplementing income as opposed to alleviating poverty. It was politically neutral, given that the facility to identify potential beneficiaries was extended to all parliamentarians, irrespective of party affiliation. A set of filters, applied electronically, ensured objectivity in beneficiary selection. Disbursement mechanism was automated to ensure minimal leakage. This paper outlines the process of the preparatory work that went into designing BISP – the conceptual debates, the beneficiary identification and disbursement procedures, etc. – involving a combination of high quality research with political decision making. It also addresses the debates surrounding BISP, cites independent empirical studies that show that the parliamentarian-based beneficiary selection mechanism was efficient and equitable and did indeed cover the deserving, and also responds to the variety of criticisms. ______
Management and Business education industry is considered to be in the era of mushroom growth as variety
of programs is offered throughout the world, and similar is the trend of admissions and enrolments in such
schools. However, this expansion has made business education much commercial. Today business schools are
somehow being criticized for not fulfilling their roles and responsibilities with much rigor and concern,
particularly in imparting practical and pragmatic knowledge hence; the quality and value offered to the stake
holders become questionable. The researcher therefore considered it important and researchable to explore
that what business schools are all about? What education system they are following to impart practical
knowledge? And are they being able to satisfy their stakeholders or not? How much industry should be
involved in edification process to enhance the practicality and relevancy? The researcher has also
recommended a possible mode of industry and school partnership namely pragmatic business edification
(PBE) Model. The dissertation also collected responses of the stakeholders about proposed partnership, using
focus group survey.
The study was descriptive in nature. Interviews, Questionnaires and Focus group methods were used to collect
data. 20 key informant interviews were conducted to gain a better understanding of the education quality and
system. In addition, a total of 200 students and alumni’s were approached for the survey asking about the
effectiveness of business schools in preparing them for the industry. The focus group study included twenty
(20) professionals from education and other industries of Pakistan, exploring the potential benefits and
possible hindrances in implementing proposed model.
Research showed that there is an unsatisfactory perception of the education system design that management
institutions are following at present. Currently the business education is partially fulfilling the requirements
of industry and it is imperative for business schools to look for new, enhanced, and more effectual ways of
imparting business knowledge. By working with industry business schools can intensify their efforts to fulfill
employer needs. Therefore school-industry collaboration opportunities are needed to be adequately and
effectively explored.