Considering the stochastic urban continuous-time complex system in requisites of urban evolution Ue= Ue (Pm Mp, EC, HD) as a function of urban population dynamics P and morphological pattern/structure M along with urban environmental/climatically variability E concerning human urban infectious dengue disease H, this dissertation studies the variation and their interactions of P, M and H with E components for the city of Karachi. Chapter 0, Looks into the urban evolution as a complex system, the megacity Karachi has challenged numerous problems due to uncontrolled urban population dynamics, morphological pattern, their socio-health and climatically impacts on seasonal urban vector-borne disease methodology and objectives are debated. Chapter 1, Consider the general literature review regards as our selected four functional components (Pm, Mp, EC, HD) for the urban complex system. Chapter 2, Studies the Stochastic ARIMA models prefer to intend for estimation and forecasting of urban population of the Karachi (from 1951 to 2016) by diagnostic checking with Bayesian and Non-Seasonal Holt- Winters forecasting algorithm. For the most adequate ARIMA (1,2,1) model with Holt-Winter forecasting algorithm obtain the small values of MAPE and high value of the Geary’s α statistic normality check test suggests for the prediction in the years of 2020, 2025 and 2015 to 2030. These results show that the ARIMA (1,2,1) seem to similar Winter’s forecast for upcoming 15-years interval. Chapter 3, An investigation of logarithm irregular and regular population (from 1729 to 1946 and 1951 to 2015) over three centuries of the Karachi city, this work uses statistical probability distribution tails to define the dynamics of centuries and the decades as well as whole population intervals. The adequate probability distributions analyze with the help of fitting tests (CST, KST and ADT) and analytical data plotting. The Lognormal distribution can better explain the population behavior in centuries wise total irregular (1729 to 1946) interval, although the Weibull distribution is initiate to be the adequate population fitting for the total regular (1951 to 2015) interval of Karachi. Additionally, The Log Normal and Weibull distributions find the most suitable to the fitting as a heavy tail of the population''s irregular and regular intervals, the Log normal and Weibull distribution is found subsuper exponential tails using methods of validation for both intervals. The actual population data analysis indicates that the heavy-tailed distributions are fitted contract than the more commonly seen lighter tailed Gamma distribution. So, the Monte Carlo Simulation performs the appropriate Lognormal and Weibull distributions for irregular and regular data and generate data values (298 and 69) from duration of 1729 to 2020 and 1951 to 2020. Now, deliberate the second most important part (urban morphology) of this dissertation in chapter 4, studies the 5-districts and 18-town’s population-area relationship using our develop novel Oncologic surface mapping Techniques. Also, the population census data of subunits (districts and towns) of the Karachi city for the year of 1981, 1998 and 2002 respectively, we determine population density by using our construct spatial surface GIS maps. It is determined that the 18-town form has improved than the 5-district pattern. By the help of Mann-Kendall test for spatial population Linear Trend Models determine irregular (1729 to 1946) and regular (1951 to 2015) interval. It is communicating that regular decade’s intervals for population-morphological evolution express that the trends is statistically significant base on alpha P-values (α= 5%).The Persistency of the irregular and regular interval test by Fractal dimension is 1.371 in 1729 to 1946 and 1.058 in 1951 to 2015.The Hurst exponents both methods (Range increment and second moments) are also confirms the prolonged Mean-Tail distributions persistency, The Hurst exponent values are more than 0.5 for the centuries and decades are too revealing persistency seems to remain relational towards the gradient increases of trend close-fitting for these intervals. Our develop morphological spatial maximum dense (SMaxP) and minimum densest (SMinP) pivotal techniques for measurement of the one to other pivotal distance reveal that on 5-districts and 18-towns base in the census years 1981,1998 and 2002 with the help of Spatial GIS-based Mapping enquiries and Flatten Gradient Density Modeling. To, compute the population densities for all the districts and towns, which is also declare that SMinP for town wise density distribution results appear to be better than the SMaxP results, Log linear, Exponential, Logarithmic and second order polynomial transformation trend models is verified the results. Chapter 5, studies the vector-borne dengue fever is the utmost imperative arboviral disease of urban population, stirring in the subtropical city of Karachi, Pakistan. Dengue is recorded as an urban human disease since it binges in urban morphology and climatic variables, including Land Surface Mean Temperature ( ), Rainfalls ( ) and El Niño Southern Oscillation index ( ) from January 2001 to December 2016. The basic oncological statistical treatment with trend analysis of climate and dengue outbreaks are observing high in dengue incidences during the months of September to November, as well as the descriptive kurtosis value of dengue count (27.765 >3) suggests that leptokurtic and increasing flattened tail for dengue data because of the influence of climatic parameters. The fractal spectrum analysis also confirms the anti-persistent behavior of dengue for the months of September to November (highest seasonal epidemic dengue periods) and the normality tests indicate the robust sign of the intricacy of data. In this stage the comparative research shows a significant association between monthly dengue and climatic variation by probabilistic ARIMAX (p), PARX (p)-NBARX (p) models, although Over Dispersion tests values also smallest value of AIC (3.897), NBARX (p) is prefer more appropriate model for next twelve months forecasting. Chapter 6, Concludes the principle results and Mathematical Oncological methodologies, which are found in our selected four functional components (Pm, Mp, EC, HD) for the urban stochastic complex system. At the end of this chapter, it has been revealed in addition to the future work and suggestions.
میری والدہ خورشید بیگم نے ستر کی انتخابی مہم میں قائد عوام کی جیت کے لیے مجھے بارہ سال کی عمر میں ساتھ لے جا کر گلی گلی خواتین میں پی پی پی کی کینوینسنگ جس جوش و جذبہ سے کی تھی اس کے محرکات سیاسی سے زیاددہ شیعہ عقیدہ سے وابستگی تھی ۔ان کے مطابق چئیر مین پی پی پی ذوالفقار علی بھٹو مولا علی کی تلوا ر ذوالفقار سے منسوب ہے جبکہ انتخابی نشان تلوار بھی تلوارِ حیدر کی علامت ہے ۔ ضیاء نے آمریت نافذکی تو امی نے اسے یزید ثانی قرار دے کر شہید بھٹو کے حق میں احتجاج کر نے کو امام حسین ؑ کی عزاداری کے برابر کا رتبہ دے کر مجھے ہر جلسے جلوس میں شرکت کا حکم دیا شہید ذوالفقار علی بھٹو اور پی پی پی پر ٹوٹنے والے مصائب کے ایام امی جان اور مجھ پر گھریلو مشکلات کا بد ترین دور لے کر آئے ۔جس کی وجہ والد صاحب کی تین شادیاں اور اس کے نتیجہ میں آ نے والی معاشی تنزلی تھی ۔جس سے میری تعلیم بری طرح متاثر ہوئی ۔گھر کا سیٹ اپ کچھ یوں تھا کہ میری امی سمیت تیسری والدہ شیعہ مسلک سے تھیں اور دونوں ایک ہی گھر میں مقیم تھیں ۔۔جہاں محرم کی عزاداری حد درجہ عقیدت اور غم و رنج میں ڈوب کر منائی جاتی تھی جبکہ میری بڑی والدہ محترمہ اہل سنت مسلک کی تھیں اور بچوں کو دینی تعلیم دیتی تھیں ۔ان کے ہمراہ رہنے والے بڑے بھائی اور دو بہنیں بھی سنی عقیدہ کی تھیں ۔فیملی کے حالات 1979ء کے اوائل تک اس نہج پر پہنچ گئے کہ مجھے اپنا گھر چھوڑ کر بڑی والدہ کے گھر منتقل ہو نا...
Kindness is the attribute of Almighty Allah, which is mentioned many times in the Holy Quran. Prompt relief a disease is also an aspect of the kindness of almighty Allah. Treating an ill person is appreciated and preferred significantly in Islam. This article discusses the Islamic jurisdiction of the various forms of treatment and medication, prevailing in the society. Prior to the juristic discourse, the paper gives detail of the medications including the verdicts of renowned scholars along with their parameters and valuable. Cure and timely is concern of every individual of the society. It is obviously significant to educate the masses about the nature and various religious issues regarding medication practices with regard to teachings of Islam.
The research was conducted to evaluate the resistance/susceptibility of okra varieties against Helicoverpa armigera under field conditions during 2015-16. In preliminary screening, thirteen different varieties were evaluated at University Research Farm Koont, during 2015. The Arka Anamika variety showed comparatively resistant response against H. armigera with minimum fruit infestation (3.26%). In shoot infestation, the variety Bhindi Sabazpari showed minimum shoot infestation (6.39%) followed by Bhindi Punjab Selection and Arka Anamika expressed 6.73% and 7.88% infestation showed comparatively resistant response. According to HPSI, minimum infestation of shoot and fruit was found on Arka Anamika variety with 5.69% and 6.01% which revealed that this variety showed comparatively resistant response against H. armigera. On leaf midrib, the minimum hair density (34.91cm), leaf lamina (20.17 cm²) and hair density on leaf veins (10.67cm) were observed on the Arka Anamika and maximum stem girth (7.15cm), fruit length (6.47cm), leaf moisture with (79.07 %), ten fruit weight (87.87gm) and fruit yield per plant (88.40gm) were also observed on Arka Anamika variety. The maximum hair density on fruit (315.08cm²) was observed on Bhindi Punjab Selection while the maximum thickness of leaf (0.32μm) was observed on the variety OH-152. Regarding biochemical plant characters, the minimum nitrogen contents with 1.4% and crude protein with 17.23% were observed in Arka Anamika variety while minimum cellulose was observed in the variety Baharti Kaspori (11.48 %). Correlation between fruit infestation and physico-morphic characters viz. hair density on midrib (0.69%), thickness of leaf lamina (0.77%), hair density on leaf vein (0.89%) and hair density on leaf lamina (0.96%) were significant and positively correlated with fruit infestation while plant height (-0.72), stem girth (-0.85), hair density on fruit (-0.89) and fruit length (-0.76) were negative and significant correlated with fruit infestation. Fruit infestation and shoot infestation were correlated with abiotic factors. Positive and highly significant relationships were detected between shoot infestation and average temperature (oC) while relative humidity and precipitation (mm) showed negative but significant correlation. In third experiment different management practices viz. release Trichogramma chilonis, hoeing and weeding, clipping and lufenuron were tested individually and with all possible combinations for the controlling of American bollworm at 3 diverse areas viz. University Research Farm Koont, NARC and Farmer Field Taxila using comparatively resistant variety (Arka Anamika) during 2016. All the treatment combinations regarding damage of shoot and fruit showed significant results. The minimum fruit infestation i.e. 3.20% and 3.58% was recorded with combined treatment (i.e. T. chilonis + hoeing + weeding + lufenuron) in two different localities. The minimum shoot infestation i.e. 7.18%, 7.08% and 6.85% were observed in the combined treatments at all three different localities. This combined treatment also resulted in maximum yield at NARC and Taxila i.e. 57.67 and 62.66 q/ha respectively. This treatment gave the best results to manage H. armigera. On the basis of physico-morphic, biochemical characters, abiotic factors and different integrated pest management techniques, Arka Anamika variety proved to be comparatively resistant against H. armigera in different localities. So this variety is recommended for the cultivation in Pothwar region to get maximum yield.