The Faisalabad city, resident of 2.6 million people, has brackish groundwater in its underlying aquifer. The water and sanitary agency (WASA) of Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) installed a cluster of 29 tubewells in 1992, each of 114 lps capacity, at Chenab River bed well field aquifer, 30 km away from Faisalabad city in the North-West direction, to supply fresh groundwater for drinking. The continuous operation of all these tubewells resulted in lowering of groundwater level, from 5 m below the ground surface in 1992 to 22 m below the ground surface in 2010, in the study area and has started threatening sustainability of the system. Whereas WASA has installed 25 more tubewells for meeting drinking water demand. This study was undertaken to ascertain the effects of such large abstraction of groundwater on the aquifer while keeping in view the future scenarios. Prior to using a computer simulation model as a management tool, it requires its proper calibration and validation. A groundwater transient model was developed using MODFLOW to study the effect of groundwater pumping on the Chenab River bed well field area. The model was calibrated using water table data from 1992 to 2005 and was validated against independent data set of 2006 to 2010. The model simulation was reasonably acceptable based on model evaluation indicators such as residual mean, root mean square error, sum of squares, coefficient of correlation and coefficient of efficiency, which were within acceptable limits. Sensitivity of the model shows that the model was more sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity. The model simulations showed that major recharge was from the Jhang Branch canal in the range of 6,511 to 8,038 m3 day km-1. The recharge contribution varied from year to year as a function of rainfall and flows in the Chenab River. Moreover, the groundwater head contour showed steep gradient in southern part of the well field. This steep gradient indicates that a steady state condition has reached and the rate of declination will be less as compare to the earlier years. The calibrated model was used to simulate the effects of existing capacity of pumping continued to 2030 and 90% of the capacity, which showed a water table declined rate of 0.6 m year-1 to 1.3 m year-1, respectively. A groundwater recharge option was also simulated by considering a constant head boundary condition of 10 km length along the left side of Chenab River, which results a decline rate of 0.45 m year-1 till 2030. The model simulation showed that sustainability of the system can be achieved only if adequate recharge sites are established to control the falling water table.
نواب آف چھتاری سرحافظ احمد سعید خان افسوس ہے ۶/جنوری کی شام کونواب آف چھتاری سرحافظ احمد سعید خان صاحب نے ۹۴برس کی عمر میں علی گڑھ میں وفات پائی اوردوسرے دن اپنے آبائی وطن چھتاری میں مدفون ہوئے۔ نواب صاحب تقسیم سے پہلے وائسرائے کی اکزیکٹو کونسل کے ممبر اوریوپی کے گورنر رہ چکے تھے اس لیے ان کاجنازہ ان کی کوٹھی راحت منزل سے یونیورسٹی تک اوریونیورسٹی سے چھتاری تک پورے سرکاری اعزاز واکرام کے ساتھ لے جایا گیا۔ جلوس میں ہرفرقہ و ملت کے ہزاروں سوگواروں کے علاوہ متعدد وزرا اوراترپردیش کے اعلیٰ افسران حکومت بھی شامل تھے۔نماز جنازہ جس میں ہزاروں مسلمان شریک ہوئے، علی گڑھ اور چھتاری دونوں جگہ ہوئی۔جن لوگوں نے سرسید(متوفی۱۸۹۸ء)کوبہت قریب سے دیکھا اوران کی باتیں سنی ہیں، نواب صاحب غالباً اس بزم کی آخری شمع تھے، سدارہے نام اﷲ کا۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔ گذشتہ ایک صدی کے اندربرصغیر کے مسلمانوں میں مختلف حیثیتوں سے بڑی بڑی نامور اور قدآور شخصیتیں گزری ہیں جن کے طنطنۂ شہرت وکمال سے اس ملک کے بام و در عرصہ تک گونجتے رہے ہیں اوراب وہ تاریخ کی گود میں آسودۂ سکون ہیں لیکن یہ بات بلاخوف تردید کہی جاسکتی ہے کہ دین اوردنیا کے اعلیٰ صفات وکمالات اورامیری میں درویشی کی جامعیت کے اعتبار سے نواب صاحب کی شخصیت منفرد اوراپنی مثال آپ تھی، چنانچہ ایک طرف دنیوی عزت و وجاہت کے نقطۂ نظر سے انگریزوں کے عہد میں جوعہدہ ومنصب ایک ہندوستانی کی معراج ہوسکتاہے وہ انہی کو حاصل تھا، وہ وائسرائے کی کونسل کے ممبر بنے، اترپردیش کے پہلے مسلمان گورنر مقررہوئے، نظام حیدرآباد کے وزیر اعظم یا مدارالمہام برسوں رہے،نظام ٹرسٹ کے رکن منتخب ہوئے،علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے پہلے پروچانسلر اور پھر چانسلر سالہا سال رہے۔گورنمنٹ اورپبلک ہرجگہ بڑی عزت واحترام کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے۔برطانیہ کے ایک نمائندہ...
In every age, the state has been a better form of the congregation and an integral part of societies. There has never been a state in human history that has introduced so many social reforms in a short period of time as Madina State did in a short period of time. That is why the state of Madina will remain a role model for all states established until the Day of Judgment. History testifies that as long as Islamic states followed this role model, their contemporary states continued to envy on their social, economic and military position. But unfortunately, the decline of the Muslim Ummah reached the peak by the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the representative state of the Muslims, in the early twentieth century. But before the half-century was over, the Islamic world began to gain independence from colonial powers. By the end of the twentieth century, more than fifty Muslim countries appeared on the geography of the modern world, but their flags were the spokesmen for colors, ethnicity, language, and region except for Pakistan. Political freedom from ideological and intellectual freedom could not be transformed by the Islamic nation’s imperialist powers Rather, the political leadership continued to work on the agenda of the West, causing many social and economic problems for the present Islamic States. The prevailing conditions of the present Islamic countries require that their rulers should re-establish their policies by making Madina state as their role model. The following article presents a golden outline of the welfare state, which will help to make the current Islamic state a welfare state.
Pakistan since more than a decade has been facing the challenge of internal security derived from religiously grounded militancy. More than seventy thousand civilian and military personnel have lost their lives. Religion in Pakistan have always been central within its polity and social fabric. In this context, the influence of religion on the policy matrix gain strength with the changing domestic and external events. The formation of religious elite along with the strategic and political developments in 1980s paved the way for a particular set of religious dogma to proliferate their set of beliefs through rigor and force. A society with weak infrastructure, poorly governed areas, institutional imbalance between military and civilians are generically more prone to extremist and radical manifestations, as happened in case of Pakistan. In addition to, these socio political and economic weakness within the society entrenched with staunch rigid beliefs amalgamated to form an anti-state agenda where militants in the tribal belt in post 2001 years control certain parts of the region to implement their self-crafted code of Sharia. In addition to it, on the external front, US intervention in Afghanistan became a pivotal incident in stimulating certain pockets of society which were already entrenched with the phenomenon of rigid and peculiar philosophy based on the vision of exclusion. This piece of research intended to find out the roots and shoots of religious militancy in Pakistan and how it affected the internal security of Pakistan. The high number of human fatalities, suicide bombings, attacks on governmental and military installations, educational institutes, political leadership, markets, and public transport explicates the deep rooted implications of militancy in Pakistan. Mosque, Imam bargah, church was symbolically targeted by the militants. It was the most tragic decade in the history of Pakistan when the most defense less unit of society, school children were brutally massacred in 2014. The containment and eradication of militancy had been on the top security agenda as Pakistan’s security, stability and sustainability is entrenched with the eradication of the menace of militancy.