غربت و افلاس، جبری مشقت اور تشدد
ایک ان پڑھ اور غریب معاشرہ کبھی بھی ترقی کی منازل طے نہیں کر سکتا۔اسی وجہ سے بڑھتی ہوئی روز بروزسماجی تفریق اور غربت معاشرے میں ناسور کی شکل اختیارکرتی جا رہی ہے۔ معاشرے کا ایک طبقہ اگر زندگی کی ضروریات کو پورا کرنے سے محروم رہتا ہے تو غربت کسی بھی معاشرے میں اس سماجی تقسیم کا نام ہے جس میں ایک گروہ خوب ترقی کی منزلیں طے کرے تو دوسری طرف دوسرا گروہ مسلسل غربت و افلاس سے تنگ و تاریک زندگی گزارنے پر مجبورہو۔ کیونکہ اختیارات رکھنے والے کبھی بھی تنگ و تاریک زندگی گزارنے والے سفید پوش لوگوں کو ان کا حق نہیں دیں گے۔لوٹ کا بازار ایسا گرم ہے کہ مردہ ضمیر لوگ یہ بھول بیٹھے ہیں کہ ایک نوالہ ان کے لیے وجہ رحمت بن سکتا ہے۔غربت کی اسی رفتار کو ماپتے ہوئے کہا جا سکتا ہے کہ نوجوان نسل اور بچے اس غربت کا شکار ہو رہے ہیں۔بھوک سے تنگ انسان خوشحال و مطمئن زندگی نہیں گزار سکتا، وہ محروم ہے ہر اس پل سے جسے وہ سوچ کر خوش بھی نہیں ہو سکتا۔ انہوں نے بھی اس درد کو محسوس کیا اور ناول نو لکھی کوٹھی میں اس کو اپنا موضوع بنایا۔
مولوی کرامت کا گھرانہ جو پچھلے تیس سال سے چھوٹے سے گاؤں میں رہتا تھا۔گاؤں کی آبادی سو پچاس گھروں پر مشتمل تھی۔مولوی کا دادا بھی جب اس گاؤں میں آیا تو گدا گری اور چندے سے کام چلاتا تھا۔تب گاؤ ں کی مسجد خالی پڑی تھی۔اس نے ادھر ہی گڈری جما لی اور نماز پڑھنے لگا۔ شروع شروع میں لوگ غربت کو مدنظر رکھتے ہوئیترس کھا کر روٹی دے دیتے تھے۔دیکھا دیکھی گاؤں کے کچھ لوگوں نے اس کے پیچھے نماز...
Dealings of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) with non-Muslim show that Islam is the religion of peace, brotherhood, religious tolerance, independence and humanity. Before the spread of Islam the conversations and dealings of the Holy Prophet with non-Muslims forced them to call him Al-Sadiq and Al-Ameen. Sympathy and tolerance in clandestine and public preaching, the style of letters to non-Muslim empires, the dialogues with non-Muslim delegations in Madani era, the orders given for the safety of their wealth, belongings and their life, the tolerance, forgiveness and prayers for the enemies, the good behavior with the non-Muslim prisoners, even when Muslims got dominance over non-Muslims at the time of the conquest of Makkah, the common pardon given by Holy Prophet (S.A.W) are the true example that Islam preaches peace. The attitude of Sahaba-e-Karam (R.A) and the liberty of rights given to Non-Muslims by them- no religion and no community of the World can give this example. The people responsible for maintaining the peace of the world and brotherhood should see how Muslims are treated all over the world? Muslims had given to non-Muslim permission to practice their religious festivities freely and even to wear any type of clothes. The ban of Hijab in France, the punishment of innocent Dr. Afia Siddiqui, the Egyptian pregnant woman (Marwa Sharbeney) had been mercilessly assassinated and her husband injured by knives in the court of Germany because of Hijab, the discussions going on to restrict the domes of Mosques and Adhan (Call to prayer) in Switzerland, the insult of the Holy Quran by Pope Terry John, of Florida, the disrespect of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) etc are the questions awaiting answers from West and United Nation. Islam promotes of peace, equality and religious freedom. It also invites non-Muslims to come and sit on a platform and discuss these problems for the sake of worldly peace to end the religious hatred and to form true peace in the world.
The present study focuses on the facial expression recognition. Communication is fundamental to humans. Many scientific research studies have shown that most part of the human communication is nonverbal (55% to 93%). The next generation computing; such as, pervasive computing, and ambient intelligence, needs to develop human- centered systems that readily react to multimodal human communication occurring naturally. This bulk of information through nonverbal communication is ignored in traditional human-computer-interaction (HCI) and sufficed on user''s intentional input only. A system is needed, which has the ability to identify and realize the intentions and emotions as expressed by social and affective indicators. The research on facial expression recognition (FER) has been under focus in computer vision field for a couple of decades; however, there are many questions that need to be answered. This thesis addressed a few of them. Facial expressions are of two types; spontaneous and posed. The present study showed that these two types of expressions are different in many aspects. The factors such as lighting, pose, head movement, cultural variations etc. make spontaneous expressions more difficult and challenging to recognize. The objective of the study is to develop a system that is robust enough to such variations. A major deficiency in FER area is the unavailability of a database that can be a representative of all such variations. Researchers believe that this goal is far away to be achieved. So, in the absence of such database, we proposed incremental learning as a good alternate solution. With the incremental learning capability, the proposed systems have ability to adjust themselves in any environment and culture. Furthermore, we started to develop a facial expression database for various cultures. We proposed three FER systems based on incremental learning and conducted a vast range of experimentation and comparisons. A multinomial classifier is proposed and developed to optimize the nearest neighbor classifier based on template matching. Various similarity measures are studied and compared. A dynamically weighted majority voting (DWMV) mechanism is proposed to create better generalization in ensemble systems that is necessary for real world scenarios. Diversity is probably the most desired property of ensemble based systems. We proposed and developed a diversity boosting based algorithm to construct ensemble classifier for high performance. Detailed performance comparisons on widely adopted facial expression databases along with spontaneous vs posed expression comparisons are performed. Most studies in this area used same databases for training and testing, and showed good results with no cross dataset evaluations. We conducted a vast range of experiments on six benchmark databases (MUG, MMI, CK, CK+, FEEDTUM, JAFFE) plus our own multi-cultural database. Cross database experiments performed and showed soundness of our proposed systems. We compared the results of our proposed systems with latest and previously proposed FER techniques. The results showed the soundness of our proposed methods. All these investigations and contributions provide useful insight into enhancing the robustness and efficiency of FER systems, and making them to perform better in real world applications.