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Home > Modulation of Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Foliar Application of Sodium Nitroprusside

Modulation of Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Foliar Application of Sodium Nitroprusside

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Arshad

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11038/1/Muhammad%20Arshad_Botany_2019_GCU%28F%29_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726666732

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Cadmium (Cd) is harmful to plants as well as animals and causes serious threats to human health. Thus, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms of Cd effects through Cd-induced physio-biochemial determinations as well as its accumulation, transportation and the relationships with growth, antioxidant systems and the mineral nutrients. Furthermore, the contribution of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in alleviating the Cd toxicity in wheat is largely unknown and needs to be dissected. The experiments were conducted using different Cd (control, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mM) regimes without or with an exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor, SNP (0.15 and 0.30 mM) on four cultivars of wheat (Punjab-2011, AARI-2011, Millat-2011 and Sehar-2006). The exogenous application of SNP was efficient in recovering growth of Cd-stressed wheat plants. Cd reduced the growth attributes, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes, total flavonoids, anthocyanin contents, leaf relative water contents (LRWC), essential nutrients, total phenolics, soluble proteins, and grain yield components while increased leaf relative membrane permeability, total free amino acids, proline, glycinebetain (GB), reducing and non-reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)irrespective of wheatcultivars.More effective level of SNP was 0.30 mM which under Cd stress improved growth and physiological attributes of wheat plants. Punjab-2011 and AARI-2011 showed better performance than Millat-2011 and Sehar-2006 in Cd-stress environment. NO exogenous application was useful to improve shoots and roots fresh and dry biomasses, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, total flavonoids, anthocyanin contents, LRWC, uptakeofessential nutrients, total phenolics, soluble proteins, and grain yield components under Cd stress. Moreover, NO inverted the toxic effects of Cd on leaf relative membrane permeability, total free amino acids, proline, glucose and sucrose, MDA, H2O2 and the activities of APX, CAT, POD irrespective of wheat cultivars. Overall, the results elaborated that exogenous NO recuced the Cd toxicity in wheat.
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مولانا سید ریاست علی ندوی

آہ! مولانا سید ریاست علی ندوی
گزشتہ مہینہ پٹنہ کے اخبار صدائے عام میں دارالمصنفین کے ایک پرانے لائق خدمت گزار مولانا سید ریاست علی ندوی کی وفات کی خبر بڑے دکھ، اور درد کے ساتھ پڑھی، اسی وقت ان کی اہلیہ کے نام ایک تعزیتی تار بھیجا، پھر ان کے صاحبزادے سید ارشد علی کا یہ خط موصول ہوا:
آبگیلہ، ڈاکخانہ بنیادگنج، گیا۔
۱۹، دسمبر ۱۹۷۶؁ء
محترم چچا جان! السلام علیکم
بہت ہی افسوس کے ساتھ لکھنا پڑرہا ہے کہ والد محترم جناب مولانا سید ریاست علی ندوی صاحب ۱۴؍ نومبر ۱۹۷۶؁ء کو بروز اتوار بوقت سوانو بجے دن رحلت فرماگئے، موت حرکت قلب بند ہوجانے کی وجہ سے ہوئی، پہلا دورہ ۱۳؍ نومبر کو ۹ بجے دن کو ہوا، شہر کے مشہور ڈاکٹروں نے دیکھا، طبیعت سنبھل گئی، ہم لوگ کافی پر امید ہوگئے، احتیاط کی خاطر گیارہ بجے رات کو مقامی اسپتال میں داخل کردیا گیا، کبھی کبھی طبیعت کچھ بگڑ جاتی تھی، لیکن برابر ہوش میں رہے، اپنی وفات سے ایک منٹ پہلے ہنستے بولتے رہے، ہم لوگوں کے گمان میں بھی نہ تھا کہ وہ ہم لوگوں کو اس قدر جلد داغ مفارقت دے جائیں گے۔
ان کو اپنی غیر مطبوعہ کتابوں کی کافی فکر تھی، وہ اعظم گڑھ جانے کا ارادہ بار بار کرتے رہے، وہ دسمبر میں اعظم گڑھ ضرور پہنچتے، وہ اپنی چند کتابیں دارالمصنفین کو دینا چاہتے تھے۔ یہ بات اطلاعاً لکھ رہا ہوں، امید کہ جناب عالی مع الخیر ہوں گے‘‘۔
اس خط کو پڑھ کر آبدیدہ ہوا اور چالیس سال پہلے کے دارالمصنفین کی صحبتیں یاد آگئیں، میں یہاں ۱۹۳۵؁ء میں آیا، یہ اس کی شہرت کے شباب کا زمانہ تھا، اس وقت اس علمی کارواں کے سالار اور حدی خواں استاذی المحترم حضرت مولانا سید سلمان ندویؒ تھے، جن کے علم کا اعتراف علامہ اقبالؒ...

اسلامی بینکوں میں رائج مرابحہ للآمر بالشراء میں عقدِ وکالت کی تطبیق: ایک جائزہ

The graph of development of Islamic Banking system is increasing day by day. It deals only those transaction which are not conflict with Shari'ah. Therefor the procedure of transaction of Islamic Banking is completely different from the conventional Banking system. Murābaha (Cost plus sale) or Murābaha li al-Āamir be al-Shēraá. (Cost plus sale for the purchase orderer) is a well-known financing mood. In this mood of financing, the Islamic bank bound to buy the required goods to the orderer and to sells him at higher price than the purchase price. Islamic Banks occasionally appoints an agent to buy the goods. Sometime the Islamic Banks appoints the purchase ordere himself as an agent. In this case, the contract of Murabaha and the contract of agency should not be related to each other. When the purchase orderer buys the goods as an agent, he will inform the Bank of his purchase, and the possession of the agent will be considered as the possession of the Bank. In this way, both contracts Murābaha and Wakālah are not related to each other. After this, the Bank will offer to sell him (purchase orderer) the goods and then he will accept the offer.

Detection of Antipatterns from Service Oriented Architecture

Web-services have become a governing technology for Service Oriented Architectures due to reusability of services and their dependence on other services. The evolution in service-based systems demand frequent changes to provide quality of service to customers. It is realized by different authors that evolution in service-based systems may degrade design and quality of service and may generate poor solutions known as antipatterns. The detection of antipatterns from web services is an important research realm and it is continuously getting attention of researchers. There are several techniques and tools presented for detection of antipatterns from object-oriented software applications but only few approaches are presented for detection of antipatterns from SOA. The state of the art antipattern detection approaches presented for detection of antipatterns from SOA are not flexible. We present a flexible approach supplemented with a tool support named as SWAD (Specification of Webservice Antipatterns Detection) to detect antipatterns from different SOAP based applications. Service-based systems, in particular, RESTful APIs, need to meet both service consumers’ and providers’ requirements. Like other software systems, RESTful APIs face continuous maintenance and evolution. Antipatterns may hinder the maintenance and evolution of RESTful APIs, as compared to the good design principles, i.e., design patterns that facilitate maintenance and evolution. Antipatterns may also affect the usability of RESTful APIs. Major market players like Facebook and YouTube are already using REST architecture and their APIs are frequently evolving to meet the end users’ requirements. Although, a number of antipatterns are de researchers performed their automatic detection but the evolution of RESTful APIs did not receive much attention. There is a need to track the evolution of antipatterns in the RESTful APIs that could assist service providers publishing well-designed and easy to consume RESTful APIs for their clients. We present the correction of eight REST antipatterns in RESTful APIs with a tool support called SOCAR (Service Oriented Correction of Antipatterns in REST) after analyzing their evolution history for two years. Our correction heuristics are validated by practitioners with an average precision of 100% and an average recall of 94%. Moreover, we propose a methodology for the correction of linguistic antipatterns with a tool support COLAR (Correction of Linguistic Antipatterns for RESTAPIs).