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Molecular Characterization of Blb Resistant Rice Germplasm

Thesis Info

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Author

Zaka, Abha

Program

PhD

Institute

Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Biotechnology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12295/1/Abha%20Zaka%20biotechnology%202019%20pieas%20isb%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726682521

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Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) of rice is one of the major bottlenecks that impede rice production across the globe. Development of resistant rice varieties and pathogen starvation, by blocking its nutrient source, are the promising strategies to effectively combat with this disease. In one of the current studies, BLB resistant Super Basmati introgressed lines (SBILs), were both genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Genotypic characterization indicated that, in terms of different gene combinations, Xa4 and Xa21 were found in 7 SBILs, xa5 and Xa21 in 5 SBILs and all three resistance genes were introgressed in 2 SBILs only. Recovery of recurrent parent genome, by 119 polymorphic SSR markers, ranged from 90.04% to 99.7 % while it ranged from 64.76 % to 94.83 % when analyzed using 1725 polymorphic SNP markers. Pathotyping results revealed that three Xoo strains i.e. PXO99, PXO341, PXO349, and PXO349 were the most virulent against all 25 SBILs. Both genotypic and phenotypic evaluation have shown that majority of SBILs have recovered three Basmati grain quality traits i.e. aroma, grain shape and amylose in them. In susceptible rice host, Xoo transcription activator like effector (TALe) binds with effector binding element (EBE) in the promoter of OsSWEET genes. Any alteration in the target promoter sequence greatly reduces binding affinity of TALe. Therefore, in one of the present studies, 3K SNP seek database was mined, in silico, to identify rice lines that contain SNP/InDels at EBE in the promoter of OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET14. We identified two aus rice lines (Ejali and Khama1183) with 2 base pairs deletions and a single nucleotide substitution at EBE in the promoter of OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET14 respectively. Detected natural variations in Ejali and Khama1183 prevented the induction of both OsSWEET13 and OsSWEET14. An RNA sequencing based study was also conducted to unveil the alternate nutrient sources, primary/secondary metabolic pathways targeted by highly adaptable, mutated Xoo strain in the presence a major resistance gene. We identified a total of 301 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IRBB4 infected with WTPXO61 and ΔPXO61. In depth analysis of identified DEGs, using MapMan, revealed that genes specifically associated with the synthesis of Trehalose were strongly induced at early and late stages of infection. Hence, to cope up with the ever evolving pathogen, we need to further diversify and combine different resistance strategies in susceptible rice germplasm to gain broad scale, region specific, durable resistance against BLB.
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استفہام بمعنی اقرار

استفہام بمعنی اقرار

بعض اوقات استفہام اقرار کے معنی میں استعمال ہوا ہے ۔ مقصد غور و تدبر کے بعد مخاطب کو اقرار واعتراف پر آمادہ کرنا ہے۔ قرآنی ادب میں اسلوب کے بڑے عمدہ طریقے سےاستعمال کیا گیا ہے ۔ جیسے :

"أَفَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِبَعْضِ الْكِتَابِ وَتَكْفُرُونَ بِبَعْضٍ فَمَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا خِزْيٌ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا”[[1]]

"کیاوہ بعض احکام پر ایمان رکھتے ہو اور بعض کے ساتھ کفر کرتے ہو (١) تم میں سے جو بھی ایسا کرے، اس کی سزا اس کے سوا کیا ہو کہ دنیا میں رسوائی) اس آیت میں اللہ تعالیٰ بنی اسرائیل سے ان کا یہ جرم باور کرانا چاہتاہے کہ تمہاری ازل سے یہ کوشش رہی ہے کہ تم کتاب کے اس حصے پر ایمان لاتے ہو جو تمہاری خواہشات کےمطابق ہو اور جو تمہاری ہوائےنفس کی تکمیل میں رکاوٹ بنے اس کا انکار کر دیتے ہو کیا تمہارے یہ رویہ نہیں رہا ہے" ۔

"أَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ كَيْدَهُمْ فِي تَضْلِيلٍ ، وَأَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْرًا أَبَابِيلَ"[[2]]

"کیا اس نے ان لوگوں کی ساری چالیں بیکار نہیں کر دی تھیں؟ او ران پرغول کے غول پرندے چھوڑ دیے تھے"۔

یہاں سوال کرنا مقصود نہیں بلکہ مخاطب کو یہ باور کرانا مقصود ہے کہ ایسا ہو چکاہے ۔

" قَالَ أَتَعْبُدُونَ مَا تَنْحِتُونَ (۹۵) وَاللَّهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ"۔[[3]]

"تو آپ نے فرمایا تم انہیں پوجتے ہو جنہیں (خود) تم تراشتے ہو حالانکہ تمہیں اور تمہاری بنائی ہوئی چیزوں کو اللہ ہی نے پیدا کیا ہے "۔

قاضی ثناء اللہ پانی...

سیرت نبوی کی روشنی میں بغاوت (خروج) سے متعلق احکامات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Islam orders to obey the ruler and not to indulge in activities that may cause disruption & instability of an Islamic state. This research discusses rules & regulations based on sīrah about rebellion (khurūj), and relevant topics from Islamic Jurisprudence. The basic question of this research is whether revolt against the ruler is permissible and what would be the punishment? This research elaborates four types of rebellion. Rulings of Muslim scholars regarding rebellion are subjected to the different positions of rulers. According to all school of thoughts the khurūj is not permitted if the ruler is lawful and serving his community with justice. In contrary, there is difference of opinions about the tyrannous and iniquitous ruler. This article concluded that majority of Muslim Scholars do not permit khurūj in any case, some others laid down very strict conditions in this regard.

First Principle Study of Zn-Based Transition Metal Tm Doped Ii-Vi Ferromagnetic Semiconductors

The present study involves a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the structural, mechanical, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of Zn1- xTMxS/Se/Te (TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), Ti doped ZnS/Se and V doped ZnS compounds with different dopant concentrations (TM = 0.00, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00). The first principle approach has been applied in the frame work of density functional theory (DFT) by using full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP- LAPW) method. The optimized structures have been employed to depict the thermodynamic stability of ferromagnetic state from the calculated values of the enthalpy of formation (ΔH) and the cohesive energy. More recently developed modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) potential, which calculates the most accurate band gap, has been employed to achieve a realistic set of the calculated properties. The origin and the nature of the ferromagnetism is elucidated from the calculated band structures (BS) and density of states (DOS), by analyzing the calculated exchange constants (N0α and N0β) and the magnetic moments. The negative and large values of N0β depict large splitting of 3d-states of TMs, due to the crystal field, indicating that the ferromagnetism is induced by the strong p-d hybridization. Moreover, it has been observed that Mn and Co doped ZnS/Se/Te compounds are ferromagnetic semiconductors, while Ti, V, Fe and Ni doped ZnS/Se/Te alloys are half-metallic ferromagnetic semiconductors. The estimated Curie temperatures (Tc) have shown that the studied compounds exhibit above room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM), indicating potential spintronic device applications. The potential of the compounds for various optical applications has also been explored. The calculated real part of the static dielectric constant ε1(0) and optical band gap, Eg have depicted an inverse relation, in agreement with the Penn’s model, which confirm the accuracy of the presented calculations. A blue shift in the absorption region has been found for TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni doped ZnS/Se and V doped ZnS, while TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni doped ZnTe and Ti doped ZnS/Se have demonstrated a red shifted absorption. The decreasing trend of band gap and high value of absorption in the visible region, due to the magnetic ions doping, indicate