Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Molecular Characterization of Microbial Oxidoreductases and Their Application in Polymer Biodegradation

Molecular Characterization of Microbial Oxidoreductases and Their Application in Polymer Biodegradation

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Khatoon, Nazia

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Microbiology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12790/1/PHD%20thesis%20combine.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726687345

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


The detoxification of xenobiotic organic compounds by various microorganism through oxidative coupling is facilitated with oxidoreductases. With the help of energy yielding biochemical reactions these microbes extract energy for their metabolic pathway. They promote the transfer of electrons from a reduced organic substrate to another chemical compound. Enzymatic bioremediation of toxic organic pollutant is the very effective strategy in complex environmental conditions. Oxidoreductases enzyme have a significant potential for the bioremediation of the xenobiotic compounds. Various electron donor complex polymeric substrates containing Phenol and aromatic amines oxidized by peroxidase in the presence of H2O2 while O2 in the case of dioxygenase. Fungi are important among microorganisms for production of extracellular peroxidases. The present study aimed for production and characterization of peroxidases (laccases and lignin peroxidases) and dioxygenase for polymer biodegradation. Fungal strains named as Nk-1, Nk-2, Nk-3 and Nk-4 were selected and processed for different optimization studies. NK- 1 was identified 18s rRNA sequencing as Phanerocheate chrysosporium was further selected for enzyme production. Maximum enzyme production was observed at temperature at 30°C, pH 5.5. Statistical analysis indicates the significance of model and components based on F value and P value <0.05. Purification of enzymes was done by column chromatography. The molecular weight estimation was carried out by Sodium dodecyl sulphate SDS. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of enzyme treated substrate revealed the structural changes as compared to control (without enzyme treatment). The decrease in weight (0.08g) was observed in enzymes treated film then control (0.1g). FTIR spectroscopy of enzyme treated plastic film revealed the structural changes as compared to control (without enzyme treatment) i.e. a new peak appeared at 3367 cm -1 (Alkenyl C-H stretch). The peak at wavelength 1633 cm-1 (C=C stretching vibration of aromatic ring) in treated sample was sharp and larger as compared to the control. A visible change in surface of PVC films in term of surface erosion was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after enzyme treatment. Peroxidase enzymes have wide range of applications from biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds to paper and pulp, cosmetic, food and textile industry. Enhanced production from food waste as cheap substrate was studied. Biosynthesis of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase enzymes from food waste as a substrate is possible and their production can be enhanced by optimizing different factors. The native way of synthesizing dioxygenase, laccase and lignin peroxidase are not enough to the current industrial demands mostly because of their small amount of yield and the high cost of purification or synthesis. Heterologous expression may allow the production of laccase and lignin peroxidase in higher amount and with desired characteristics. In the present research study, the heterologous expression of fungal lignin peroxidase and laccase were performed in the cells of DHα5 strain of E. coli bacteria. With the help of shake flask experiment, the enzyme assay for enzymes was performed and a variation in the enzyme activity was observed during incubation time. Molecular weight of lignin peroxidase and laccase were found to be 46 kDa and 66 kDa respectively, as determined by the SDS-PAGE analysis. The enhanced production of fungal lignin peroxidase and laccase can be achieved through heterologous expression in bacterial host so that the biodegradation of recalcitrant plastic waste can be speed up.
Loading...

Similar Thesis

Showing 1 to 20 of 100 entries
TitleAuthorSupervisorDegreeInstitute
PhD
Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Mphil
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Mphil
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Mphil
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
BPH
COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Mphil
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Mphil
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PhD
University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
Mphil
Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
MS
University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
TitleAuthorSupervisorDegreeInstitute
Showing 1 to 20 of 100 entries

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

تعلیمِ نسواں

تعلیم نسواں
علم جہاں پہنچتا ہے اندھیرے سے نکال کر روشنی میں لے جاتا ہے ،ظلمت سے ضیاء کی طرف روانگی ہو جاتی ہے، جہالت سے شعور وآگہی کا سفر شروع ہو جاتا ہے۔ علم ایک ایسی دولت ہے جو انسان کواوجِ ثرّیا تک پہنچا دیتی ہے۔ علم ایک ایسازینہ ہے جس سے معرفتِ الٰہی کے محل کی طرف رسائی ممکن ہے۔ علم کے زیور سے مرصعّ شخص معاشرے کے ماتھے کا جھومر ہوتے ہیں۔ علم کی حقیقتوں سے آشنائی ایک عظمت ہے اس طرح عورت علم کے زیور سے مزیّن ہوگی تو معاشرہ سنور جائے گا۔
مردوں کی بھی تعلیم ضروری تو ہے مگر
پڑھ جائے جو خاتون تو نسلیں سنوار دے
تعلیم نسواں سے مراد عورتوں کی تعلیم ہے۔ مردوں کی طرح عورتوں کے لیے بھی حصول علم بہت ضروری ہے۔ عورت اور مرد زندگی کی گاڑی کے دو پہیے ہیں۔ ان دونوں پہیوں کا صحیح ہونا بہت ضروری ہے۔ ورنہ زندگی کی گاڑی ٹھیک طرح سے چل نہ سکے گی۔ کوئی قوم اس وقت تک ترقی نہیں کرسکتی جب تک اس قوم کی عورتیں زیورِ تعلیم سے آراستہ نہ ہوں۔
نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمکا ارشاد ہے کہ’’ علم حاصل کرنا ہر مسلمان مرد اور عورت پر فرض ہے۔‘‘ اس حدیث مبارکہ سے مرد اور عورت دونوں کی خاطر علم کی اہمیت واضح ہوتی ہے۔ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلمنے اپنی تعلیمات سے آگاہی کے لیے عورتوں کے لیے بھی ہفتے میں ایک دن مقرر کیا تھا۔ اس کے علاوہ ازواجِ مطہرات بھی عورتوں کو دین کی باتیں سکھایا کرتی تھیں۔ دانائوں کا قول ہے کہ’’ ایک مردکی تعلیم ایک فردکی تعلیم ہے، جبکہ ایک عورت کی تعلیم ایک خاندان کی تعلیم ہے‘‘ عورت کی آغوش ہی بچے کی پہلی درسگاہ ہے۔ یہ جو کچھ اپنی ماں...

فن حدیث میں مولانا عبد الرحمن مبارک پوری کی خدمات کا جائزہ

Sūnan-ul-Tirmizi is an encyclopedia of Ahādith-ul-Ahkām. Imam Tirmizi is the Mohadith who divided hadiths into Sahih and Zaeef for the first time. He accepts or rejects a hadith on the base of Taāmul-e-Ummah. He is only the Mohadith who established the terminology of “Filbāb” in which he gives the words of hadith from a Sahabi and mentions the names of all other sahabies who are rawi of the same hadith. There are many sharh of Tirmizi written by Muhadiseen. Among them Tuhfat ul Ahwazi is famously written by Molana Abdul Rahman Mubarakpuri. He explores the terminologies of Sonan-e-Tirmizi. He discussed uloom ul hadith, books of hadith, Shoroh-ul-hadith, Asma-ul-rejal and ilm ul ansab etc. He mentions tafsiri aqwal, fiqhi problems and usool-e-hadith. He also solved the Tasaholat-e-Tirmizi in validity (sihat) and unvalidity (zouf). He is the first mohadith who tried to find the words of hadith from other sahabies whose names are given in “Filbab”. He did it but could not find the words of 87 ahadith for which he used the term “Lam aqif alaih” and 417 ahadith for which he used the term “Le Yonzar man akhraja haza ul hadith”. This thing makes it distinct from other shoroh of Sūnan-e-Tirmizi. He depends on the usool-e-hadith of forefather Muhadiseen and he did not establish his own usool hadith.

Reconstruction of Qualitative Gene Regulatory Networks

Genes provide instructions for the synthesis of functional products, such as, proteins. Gene expression develops the functional products using the instructions encoded in the genes. Gene regulation controls the process of gene expression in a way that it can regulate the increase or decrease of the gene expression resulting in the synthesis of specific functional products. It also controls when or when not to express a particular gene to produce a particular protein. Collection of regulatory elements, such as, genes and their interconnections showing the gene expression levels, are visualized as a Gene Regulatory Network (GRN). GRNs act as a tool for understanding the causation relationships between the genes and proteins representing complex cellular functionalities. Computational biology has laid its main focus nowadays on the reverse engineering or reconstruction of GRNs from gene expression data to decode the complex mechanism of the cellular functionalities. These efforts have resulted in improved and more precise diagnostics and therapeutics. Microarray technology of analyzing gene expressions calculates expression of thousands of genes simultaneously under different conditions, like, control or disease conditions. It helps in identifying over-expressed genes likely to be associated with the disease. Multiple approaches to reconstruct GRNs from gene expression data, apply various techniques, such as, distance measures, correlations, mutual information algorithms, dynamic and quantitative probabilities. These approaches result in identifying symmetric and diagonal gene pair interactions. Symmetric gene pair interactions cannot be modeled as direct activation and inhibition interactions. Moreover, diagonal nature shows that a gene cannot self-regulates itself, which is also contradictory with the true nature of gene pair regulatory interactions. Compromising the true asymmetric and non-diagonal nature of the actual gene pair regulatory interactions, can lead to incomplete and inferior predictions. To our knowledge, no such complete model exists to generate GRN representing all possible network motifs between gene pairs, such as, activation, inhibition and self-regulations. The proposed approach, named as, Multivariate Covariance Network (MCNet), aims at reconstructing GRN applies multivariate co-variance analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify asymmetric and non-diagonal gene interactions. The GRN developed using the MCNet approach holds all the possible network motifs, representing all kinds of gene-pair regulatory interactions (i.e., positive and negative feedback loops as well as self-loops). The asymmetry is achieved by computing the distance measure of the genes with respect to the eigen values of the related genes showing variable behaviors under different conditions. PCA in the MCNet approach selects gene-pair interactions showing maximum variances in gene regulatory expressions. Asymmetric gene regulatory interactions help in identifying the controlling regulatory agents, thus, lowering the false positive rate of interacting genes by minimizing the connections between previously unlinked network components. The performance of the proposed approach, MCNet, has been evaluated using a real data set as well as three synthetic and gold standard data sets. The MCNet approach predicts the regulatory vi interactions with higher precision and accuracy as compared to some currently state-of-the-art approaches. The results of the MCNet approach using the real time-series RTX therapy data set identified self-regulatory interactions of the differentially expressed (DE) genes with 80.6% accuracy. The MCNet approach predicted the gene regulatory interactions of the time-series synthetic Arabidopsis Thaliana circadian clock data set with 90.3% accuracy. The self-regulatory interactions identified in the RTX therapy and synthetic Arabidopsis Thaliana data sets are further verified from the literature because gold standards are not available for these data sets. Gold standard DREAM-3 and DREAM-8 in silico data sets, are also used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, while comparing with some existing approaches. The DREAM-3 in silico E-coli gold standard data set does not contain any self-regulations, while the DREAM-8 in silico phosphoproteins gold standard data set hold self-regulations. The results demonstrate the enhanced performance of the MCNet approach for predicting self-regulations only in the DREAM-8 in silico phosphoproteins data set with 75.8% accuracy. The MCNet approach for reconstructing GRN identifies direct activation and inhibition interactions as well as self-regulatory interactions from microarray gene expression data sets. The generated GRN can constitute positive and negative feedback loops as well as self-loops to demonstrate true nature of the gene-pair regulatory interactions. In future, it is aimed to enhance the functionality of the MCNet approach by modeling the dynamics of the GRNs, such as, oscillations and bifurcations towards steady state