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Molecular Characterization of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa for Multi Drug Resistance and Virulence

Thesis Info

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Author

Ullah, Waheed

Program

PhD

Institute

Kohat University of Science and Technology

City

Kohat

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Microbiology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14419/1/waheed_Ullah_Microbiology_HSR_2016_KUST_Kohat_22.06.2017.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726689697

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa a gram negative bacteria, belong to family Pseudomonadaceae, ubiquitous in nature found in different habitats. It is differentiated from Enterobacteriace due their non-fermenter nature. Clinicaly it is consider main source of nosocomial infection throughout the world. It normally cannot cause infection in healthy individuals however immunocompromised or those that under surgeries or have some burns or lung infections are considered its common hosts. Beside its capabilities to cause infections it harbors various resistance mechnisims including, extended spectrum beta-lactamases, outer memberane proteins and efflux pumps etc. It produces different pigments and biofilm formation and expression of virulence factors which contribute in pathogencity of P. aeruginosa. In current study total of (n=3700) clinical samples were screened in which (n=102) isolates were characterized as P. aeruginosa on the basis of morphological and biochemical characterstics. Further confirmations were performed by using species-specific PCR and 16s rRNA sequencing. Samples were further analyzed for antibiotics susceptibilities and minimum inhibitory concentration determination using proper procdures. β-lactamases were confirmed using both phenotypic and molecular approaches. Further squecning of TEM, CTX and OXA were performed and later on analysed using bioinformatics approach. Virulence factors production including pigment production, biofilm formation and detection of virulence genes were scrrened in β-lactamases producing isolates. In current observations the persistence of P. aeruginosa was very common in pus specimens that were isolated from patients that have injuries or some surgeries. As current study revealed that MDR isolates are prevalent in our community which mount high risk for immunocompromised or patients under observations. Higher incidence were reported in male patients. It showed worst resistance (more than 90%) to beta-lactamases inhibitors, doxycycline, chloramphenicol and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim while less to imipenem, amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam. There were (16.6%) isolates that exhibits resistance to all groups of antibiotics which is very alarming. As carbapenems are the last hope for MDR so increasing resistance in P. aeruginosa make hindrance for future strategies of treatment. These MDR isolates also harbour TEM-116 having homology with TEM-1 but different by only two amino acids substitution. TEM-116 in P. aeruginosa was the first report from Pakistan. It has shown resistance to most of the antibiotics and showed (100%) resistance to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid and doxycycline while one isolate was found that mount resistance against all antibiotics that were used in current study. Most of TEM-116 possessing isolates were found susceptible toward fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. In β-lactamases production large number of isolates bear metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) followed by Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC which stipulate that increasing number of isolates possess β-lactamases. Phenotypically coproduction of β-lactamases were also observed in some isolates. Its molecular genotype TEM-116 was the most prevalent followed by CTX-M-15 and OXA-10 highlighting its spread in population. The incidence of CTX-M-15 were higher as compare to OXA-10. Higher number CTX-M-15 exhibit ESBL phenotype followed by MBL and AmpC while in some isolates there was coproduction of more than one phenotype. While some CTX carrying P. aeruginosa did not express any β-lactamase phenotype. In case of OXA-10 most of isolates express MBL phenotype. One isolate that bear TEM enzyme was resistant to all available antibiotics that were used in current study. These genotypes were first type reported in P. aeruginosa from Pakistani origin. These pathogens are capable to express other genotypes, should not be ignore as further planning should be done. Pathogenicity has strong correlation with antibiotic resistance and production of virulence factors. These isolates cherish virulence factors which make further difficulties for patients as well clinicians. Most of isolates were found produce pigments production and biofilm formation in the studied isolates. Along with biofilm formation most of the β-lactamases producer were found to release virulence factors including Exo-s, Tox-A, Las-B, Plc-H and both Opr-I and Opr-L. As virulence factors mainly contribute in the pathogenesis so whenever there is resistance strains which produce these toxins or some may involve in biofilm formation, the treatment of patients become difficult. As the contemporary study presents composite concept of drug resistance and β-lactamases in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. CTX-M-15, OXA-10 and TEM-116 first time reported from Pakistan demonstrate the potential risk to be spread in the community. Also this was the first attempt to explore P. aeruginosa for their virulence factors contribution in clinical settings in Pakistan. To avoid its further spread proper diagnostic facilities, well trained staff and strict prescription of antibiotic policy should be adopted by clinicians. Also proper surveillance studies and updated data base should be maintained. MDR persistence in clinical samples strengthen the concept of its spread in other Enterobacteriaceae. CTX have insertional sequences which help in spread other Enterobacteriaceae. It need further screening to explore other mechanisms like PER, IMP VIM or NDM as have been reported in other parts of world.
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الحاج عبدالقیوم

الحاج عبدالقیوم
۱۵؍ نومبر ۲۰۰۱؁ء کو الحاج عبدالقیوم صاحب کا انتقال ہوگیا، وہ کلکتہ کے ایک مشہور ہوٹل کے مالک تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ نے انہیں دولت کے ساتھ، قوم و ملت کا درد، دین داری اور ہر طبقے میں مقبولیت عطا کی تھی، کلکتہ ہی نہیں ملک کے بھی علمی و تعلیمی اداروں کو ان سے بڑا فیض پہنچتا تھا۔
یتیم خانہ اسلامیہ کلکتہ کے عرصے تک صدر رہے، اس زمانے میں یتیموں کی پرورش اور کفالت میں کوئی دقیقہ باقی نہیں رکھا، اسلامیہ ہسپتال کے بھی برسوں صدر رہے کلکتہ کے مسلمانوں کے سب سے قدیم ادارہ انجمن مفید السلام کے اصل کرتا دھرتا جناب سید محمد صلاح الدین صاحب تھے جو جناب سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمان صاحب کے حقیقی چچا تھے، ان کے کلکتہ چھوڑنے کے بعد انجمن کے حالات درہم برہم ہوئے تو الحاج عبدالقیوم صاحب نے اس کو اپنے ہاتھ میں لے لیا اور اپنے رفیق الحاج غلام رسول صاحب کی معاونت سے اس کے حالات درست کئے، وہ ۱۹۹۲؁ء تک انجمن کے صدر رہے، اور اپنے بعد کلکتہ کے ایک مقبول اور ہر دل عزیز شخص جسٹس خواجہ محمد یوسف کو انجمن کا صدر بنوایا۔
ہندوستان کے جن علمی و تعلیمی اداروں سے ان کا زیادہ تعلق تھا ان میں دارالمصنفین، ندوۃ المصنفین اور دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلما خاص طور سے قابل ذکر ہیں، مولانا مفتی عتیق الرحمان صاحب کے وہ بڑے قدرداں تھے اور ندوۃالمصنفین کی اعانت اور سرپرستی فرماتے تھے، دارلعلوم ندوۃ العلما کی بھی امداد فرماتے، دارالمصنفین کے سابق ناظم جناب سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمان مرحوم بھی الحاج عبدالقیوم صاحب کے بڑے مداح تھے اور کلکتہ تشریف لے جاتے تو جن لوگوں سے التزاماً ملاقات کرتے ان میں یہ اور حاجی غلام رسول مرحوم بھی تھے۔
عبدالقیوم صاحب اہل علم کے بڑے قدرداں تھے علما اور دانش وروں...

تبرکات نبوی ﷺکے انہدام سے متعلق حضرت عمر فاروق کی طرف منسوب روایت کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Almighty Allah has stated the nature of man that everything He loves towards the one He loves is dear to Him. For this reason, in every age human being has been attached to the remains of his beloved thing. The stories of the former Ummah are contained in the holy Qura᾽n, in which their remnants are proven to be safe after they passed away. This last Ummah also appears to meet these natural requirements. Therefore, just as this Ummah loves his Prophet (peace be upon him). Therefore the sacred Islamic ancient relics have extraordinary significance, which are attributed to the holy Prophet. Muslims get peace by them and kept protecting and persevering such relics during every period. The companions of the Prophet (PBUP) have kept them safe too and they organized particular arrangements for preserving them. But there is also a theory which those who believe these are considered as a prohibition of Islamic Sharia, and they present their arguments on the basis of a “Hadith” attributed to Ḥaḍrat ʻUmar Fārūq (R.A). It is narrated from Ḥaḍrat ʻUmar Fārūq, that the he used to give an importance to the memorandum of Muhammad (PBUH). In the light of such “Riwāyās”, the mentioned “Hadith” would be suspicious. It is essential that he research of this “Hadith” should be reviewed, how its status is? In this article, research has been studied by this “Hadith” that it is clear that this “Hadith” could not be narrated by Ḥaḍrat ʻUmar Fārūq (R.A). Therefore, the concept of demolition of such scared ancient relics could not be supported by the above mentioned “Hadith”.

Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Transesterification of Non-Edible Salvadora Persica Pilu Oil and Crude Coconut Oil in a Solvent-Free System

Biodiesel is one of the renewable and eco-friendly fuels which can alleviate the concerns associated with fossil such as fluctuating prices and disastrous effects on the environment including global warming. The biofuel is usually produced from transesterification of vegetable oils and consists of alkyl esters. The chemical method of producing biodiesel has several drawbacks while the use of edible vegetable oils for biodiesel raises several concerns such as food vs. fuel crisis. The current work investigated biodiesel production from non-edible Salvadora persica seed oil (SPSO) and crude coconut oil (CCO) catalyzed by Burkholderia cepacia lipase in a solvent-free system. The biodiesel yield produced from these feedstock was compared and the effect of acyl acceptor (ethanol) in different ratios on biofuel production was determined. The fatty acid composition of SPSO and CCO was determined through gas chromatography and their average molecular weight was calculated. Different molar ratios of oil and ethanol were employed in transesterification for biodiesel production at 50?C, 7.0 pH with 50 mg lipase. Thin layer chromatography of oils and biodiesel samples was performed while the percentage yield was determined through gas chromatography. The results showed that medium chain fatty acids make up to 53.88% and 76.89% of the fatty acid content of SPSO and CCO respectively. Both are good candidates for enzymatic transesterification to produce medium chain biodiesel. The species of Salvadora persica (Pilu) has potential of a biodiesel crop. The average molecular weight was calculated as 749.53 g/mol for SPSO and 664.57 g/mol for CCO. Maximum biodiesel yield (around 70%) was obtained at 1:4 oil to ethanol molar ratio from both oils followed by a gradual decline at higher ratios. The gas chromatographic analysis of Salvadora biodiesel at 1:4 molar ratio showed that the yield of individual esters was mostly of medium and long chain fatty acids. In contrast the analysis of coconut biodiesel revealed that it consists mainly of the esters of medium chain fatty acids. Burkholderia cepacia lipase is a promising biocatalyst for production of biodiesel from SPSO and CCO provided the right conditions including optimum oil to ethanol molar ratio. Since free lipase was used in this study, stable yields of biodiesel as well as of individual fatty acid ethyl esters would have been achieved if any form of immobilized lipase would have been used.