الفتح الربانى لترتيب مسند الامام احمد بن حنبل الشيبانى میں شیخ احمد عبدالرحمن البنا الساعاتی کا منہج و اسلوب

Former Egyptian Muḥaddithīn of the each centuries have played a well-regarded, venerated and esteemed role in services of Ḥadīth and its sciences. Their outstanding contribution in this regard has been appreciated in each century of Islamic history. Those Muḥaddithīn have left valuable work on Ḥadīth and its sciences in their popular and basic sources of Ḥadīth for coming generations. Muḥaddithīn of 20th century were not less than the former in their involvement in the field of Hadith. Their dynamic and marvelous efforts are needed to be unveiled for scholars and students of Ḥadīth. Al-shaykh Abdur Raḥmān al Banna Al sāʻātī is known as one of the prominent Egyptian Muḥaddithīn in 20th century. He made extraordinary efforts in the field of Ḥadīth and its sciences through compiling and writing various remarkable books in this regard. His marvelous work in Alfatḥ Al-Rabbānī li Tartīb Musnad Al-Imām Aḥmad bin Hanbal Al-Shaybānī on Musnad Imām Aḥmad bin Hanbal in its rearranging, categorizing and organizing its Ḥadīth is deserved to be cherished and focused on due to its significance and importance in the field of Ḥadīth. He is the first Muḥaddith who presented the Aḥādīth of Musnad in seven outstanding chapters to facilitate the researchers in their accessing to the main theme of the Musnad. In this paper the life sketch of Al-Shayk Abdur Raḥmān, his scholarly contribution in the field of Ḥadīth and his methodology in his renowned book alfatḥ al-Rabbānī has been discussed and highlighted its valuable aspects.

Evaluation of Biofertilizer for Chickpea-Maize Cropping System in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Different biotic and abiotic factors limit the plant productivity. Among them, water deficit is most common. It seriously affects the plant physiology, biochemistry and yield. In the southern Punjab region, due to unfavorable environmental conditions, there is severe shortage of water which hampering the crop yield. To ameliorate the effect of water deficit different approaches can be adopted. The most economical and simplest approach is the use of biofertilizer along with the organic sources in chickpea-maize cropping system. Cropping system is important for improving soil health and crop yield as well. A legume has the ability to fix nitrogen by symbiotic relationship with microbe. It helps to maintain soil fertility and organic matter. In chickpea-maize cropping system, chickpea increased the N nutrition of cereal crop can enhanced because the N transfers from the chickpea to the cereal. Chickpea is able to take much of its nitrogen requirement from the atmosphere by forming a symbiotic association with soil bacteria called rhizobium, and thus does not need much fertilizer. Maize is the third major cereal crop and chickpea is an important dietary protein for the rural poor people of the world likewise Pakistan, Combined cropping system of chickpea-maize show a considerable promise in better productivity and help to reverse the decline in soil fertility. Biofertilizer have the potential to mitigate the effect of water deficit stress on growth and yield of chickpea and maize in natural conditions of Southern Punjab through a number of direct and indirect mechanisms. Keeping in view the above said problem, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers for improving the productivity and profitability in chickpea-maize cropping system in southern Punjab. For this purpose already prepared biofertilizer (Rhizogold), Rock phosphate enriched compost and biogas slurry was taken. Rock phosphate enriched compost & biogas slurry were analyzed for various physicochemical properties in the laboratory. Biofertilizer were tested for bacterial population. A series of wire-house and field experiments were conducted for the evaluation of biofertilizer for chickpea-maize cropping system in South Punjab, Pakistan. The pot experiments were conducted to evaluate biofertilizer for improving growth, yield and quality of chickpea and maize crops following chickpea – maize cropping system. For the confirmation of results of pot trials, the field experiments were conducted following the chickpea-maize cropping system on permanent layout. Results of the pot trial showed that combined application of biofertilizer and biogas slurry gave significantly better results and improved grain yield up to 40 and 14% in chickpea and maize, respectively, as compared to control. While, in field trial I and II, the combined application of biofertilizer with biogas slurry showed maximum increase up to 39 and 32%, respectively, in grain yield of chickpea as compared to control. In both the field trials of maize, combined application of biofertilizer and biogas slurry showed maximum grain yield. The combined use of biofertilizer and biogas slurry also significantly improved the nitrogen concentration in soil and soil bacterial population after crop harvest. Biofertilizer also improved the profitability of the chickpea – maize cropping system as shown by the economic analyses of the results. So, it is concluded that use of biofertilizer can be effective in improving soil health and crop yield in chickpea-maize cropping system however its combined use with enriched compost and biogas slurry can be cost effective, economical and more efficient in improving the water and fertilizer use efficiency, microbial community and soil health in water stress area of South Punjab Pakistan.