Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is a sucking pest of many host plants and has become severe sucking pest of cotton in Pakistan by causing quantitative and qualitative losses. Resistance levels to pyrethroids such as bifenthrin, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin were medium, tolerance to low resistance, and tolerance to low resistance to medium, respectively compared with Lab-PK. The organophosphate insecticides profenofos and triazophos exhibited medium and tolerance to low resistance to medium, respectively compared with Lab-PK. Five novel chemistry insecticides showed the RR in range of tolerance to low resistance against emamectin benzoate, tolerance to low resistance to medium in spinosad, medium to high in chlorfenapyr, medium in imidacloprid and tolerance to low resistance to medium in nitenpyram. Genetic basis of chlorfenapyr resistance in O. hyalinipennis were also explored by selecting the population for continuous six generations. The selection resulted in 149.06 fold resistance in O. hyalinipennis. Chlorfenapyr resistance in O. hyalinipennis was autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic. Synergism bioassays with PBO and DEF revealed chlorfenapyr resistance might be due to esterase activity. To determine if synergism occurs between organophosphate, pyrethroid, carbamate and new chemical insecticides, representative compounds of these groups were tested (cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, acetamiprid, fipronil and spirotetramat) in a 1:1 and LC50:LC50 ratio against O. hyalinipennis. Cypermethrin combined with methomyl and spirotetramat, methomyl with spirotetramat, acetamiprid with spirotetramat and fipronil with spirotetramat had synergistic effects (CI ˂ 1) in a Lab-PK. Methomyl combined with acetamiprid and acetamiprid with fipronil had synergistic effects on a Field-POP. Cypermethrin combined with methomyl and spirotetramat, chlorpyrifos with methomyl, acetamiprid and spirotetramat, methomyl with acetamiprid and spirotetramat and fipronil with spirotetramat also had synergistic effects on a Field-POP. Enzyme inhibitors PBO and DEF significantly increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, methomyl, acetamiprid and spirotetramat to a Field-POP, suggesting a monooxygenase and esterase based resistance mechanisms. However fipronil did not synergise with PBO and DEF. Stability and cross-resistance in a laboratory selected field strain of O. hyalinipennis were also studied. The Chlorfenapyr-SEL population (149.06-fold) showed limited cross-resistance to bifenthrin, triazophos, fipronil, and emamectin benzoate. Resistance to chlorfenapyr was also unstable as a result of removal of selection pressure for further five generations. The toxicity of chlorfenapyr was significantly greater compared to bifenthrin when tested on a field population (Field-POP) and an unselected population (UNSEL-POP) whereas the toxicity of chlorfenapyr was significantly lower than that of triazophos when tested on a chlorfenapyr selected population at generation 7. Chlorfenapyr toxicity was statistically similar to bifenthrin, triazophos, fipronil and emamectin benzoate when tested on Field-POP, UNSEL-POP and Chlorfenapyr-SEL (G7). A field population of O. hyalinipennis from Punjab, Pakistan showed medium resistance to chlorfenapyr, bifenthrin, triazophos but tolerance to low resistance was found against fipronil and emamectin benzoate, compared with the Lab-PK population. Regular assessment of resistance to insecticides and integrated management plans like judicious use of insecticides and rotation of insecticides along with different modes of action are required to delay resistance development in O. hyalinipennis.
آپ کاسلسلہ نسب ۲۲واسطوں سے حضرت غوث العالمین بہاء الحق والدین ابومحمد زکریا ملتانی سے جاملتا ہے ۔ سلسلہ نسب یہ ہے ۔
حضرت پیرمحمدکرم شاہ ؒ بن حضرت پیرمحمد شاہ صاحبؒ بن حضرت امیرشاہ بن حضرت پیر شاہ ؒ بن حضرت شمس الدینؒ بن حضرت عبداللہ شاہؒ بن حضرت محمدغوثؒ بن حضرت غلام محمدحسین شاہؒ بن حضرت شیخ محمدؒ بن حضرت شیخ محمودؒ بن حضرت شیخ احمدؒ بن حضرت شیخ نظام الدینؒ بن حضرت شمس الدین لاہور لقب کروڑیؒ بن حضرت شیخ صدرالدین بادشاہؒ بن حضرت شھراللہ صاحب سجادہؒ بن حضرت یوسفؒ بن حضرت شیخ عمادالدینؒ بن حضرت حاجیؒ بن حضرت شیخ رکن الدین سمرقندیؒ بن حضرت صدرالدین حاجیؒ بن حضرت شیخ اسماعیل شہیدؒ بن حضرت مولانا صدرالدین قتال عارف باللہؒ بن حضرت بہاؤلادین زکریاملتانی۔[[1]]
پیرمحمد کرم شاہ الازہریؒ کی ولادت
آپ نسباًہاشمی قریشی ا ورمسلکاًحنفی ہیں ۔۲۱رمضان المبارک ۱۳۳۶ھ بمطابق یکم جولائی ۱۹۱۸ء سہ شنبہ بعداز نماز تراویح بھیرہ شریف ضلع سرگودھا میں آپ کی ولادت ہوئی ۔[[2]]
تعلیم وتربیت
آپ نے ابتدائی تعلیم اپنے آبائی شہربہیرہ میں حاصل کی اورساتھ ہی اپنے والدمحترم کے قائم کردہ مدرسہ " دارالعلوم محمدیہ غوثیہ"میں دینی تعلیم کے حصول کاآغازکیا۔ والدمحترم نے اپنے صاحبزادے کی تعلیم کےلیے خصوصی انتظامات کیے ۔
قرآن کی تعلیم
خاندانی روایت کے مطابق آپ کی تعلیم کاآغازقرآن کریم سے ہواجن اساتذہ سے قرآن کریم کی تعلیم حاصل کی ان کے نام یہ ہیں :
حافظ دوست محمد، حافظ مغل، حافظ بیگ
ثقہ روایت یہ ہے کہ حافظ دوست محمدسے تعلیم کاآغاز ہوا۔قرآن کریم کاکچھ حصہ حافظ...
The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the relationship between Selfefficacy, Life satisfaction, and Quality of life in local tourists of Pakistan. Data was collected from local tourists, a total of 151 men and women. A correlational research design was used along with snowball sampling to collect data from participants by using of Self-efficacy scale (SES), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Quality of life scale (QOL). The results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship among self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and quality of life in local tourists of Pakistan. Further, the results showed that self-efficacy and satisfaction with life are significantly correlated with factors of quality of life. Self-efficacy, satisfaction with life, and quality of life are found more in tourists who travel more frequently in a year. This study has implications for developing the tourist industry and encouraging local travel for Pakistani‘s as an intervention to improve the health and wellbeing of people.
In order to examine whether exogenous application of strigolactones (GR24) could mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), experiments were conducted under natural climatic conditions in a net-house of the Old Botanical Garden, University of Agricuture, Faisalabad Pakistan. Both wheat cultivars [S-24 (salt tolerant cultivar) and PARI-73 (moderately salt sensitive cultivar)] were grown in full strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution under non-stressed and salt stressed conditions. Experiment I was conducted to explore the effect of pre-seed treatment with strigolactone (GR24) for 16 h. on wheat under non-saline and saline conditions. There were four different levels of GR24 solution (Water (0), 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg L-1). Salinity treatment applied through root growing medium to fifty day-old plants. There were two salt (NaCl) levels control (0 mM) and 150 mM (NaCl). Experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. Data were recorded of 77 day old plants. In experiment I findings, root growing salinity (150 mM) significantly decreased growth attributes, photosynthetic efficiency of wheat plants, leaf water relations parameters except leaf turgor potential, activity of catalase enzyme, shoot and root K+ and shoot Ca2+ and yield attributes except 100-seed weight. However, concentration of ascorbic acid, activity of glutathione reductase, production of hydrogen peroxide, accumulation of organic osmotica (Proline and glycinebetaine contents) and uptake of shoot and root Na+ ion contents significantly increased under salt stress. Pre-soaking seed treatment with GR24 increased photosynthetic efficiency, only leaf water potential, enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and peroxidase) activities, accumulation of total soluble proteins, osmoprotectants like proline and glycinebetaine contents, non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic contents and glutathione reductase activity) and production of hydrogen peroxide. Pre-soaking seed treatment with GR24 further slightly reduced growth and number of tillers per plant. Exogenous application of GR24 in experiment II was applied through foliar spray. In experiment II, imposition of salinity through root growing medium (150 mM) significantly reduced growth parameters, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), electron transport rate (ETR) and co-efficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN), gas exchange characteristics, water relations parameters, ascorbic acid contents and shoot and root K+ and Ca2+ ions. Salinity increased accumulation of glycinebetaine and free proline, activities of enzymatic antioxidants and Na+ contents in both shoot and root of wheat plants. GR24 spray XV significantly increased gas exchange characteristics except transpiration rate (E), activities of enzymatic antioxidant, accumulation of free proline production but markedly increased the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), root Ca2+ and K+ content. Overall, S-24 performed better than PARI-73 in all aspects and PARI-73 severely affected by salinity.