Multi-criteriadecisionmaking(MCDM)isacommonactivityineverydaylifeandtheobjectiveistoselectthe most feasible alternative from a set of given alternatives with the highest level of satisfaction in the presence of multiple, usually conflicting, criteria. Similarly, there are many real-life complex problems, where we need involve wide domain of knowledge which are beyond a single expert. Therefore, it is usually necessary to allocate more than one expert to decision process from different fields, including the education backgrounds, work experience and knowledge structure. Consequently, the multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) is also an important tool to deal with human activities and their problems of daily lives. In this thesis, different MCDM/MCGDM techniques are discussed based on some important extensions of fuzzy set. This thesis is comprised of three stages. In the first stage, the MCDM method called the Characteristic Objects Method (COMET) is extended to solve problems for MCGDM with hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs) and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). It is a completely new idea for solving problems of group decision making (GDM) under uncertainty. In this approach, we use L-R-type generalized fuzzy numbers (GFNs) and triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs) to get the degree of hesitancy in the form of hesitant fuzzy elements (HFEs) and the degree of membership and non-membership in the form of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs) respectively for an alternative under a certain criterion. Therefore, the classical COMET methodwasadaptedtoworkwithGFNsandTIFNsinGDMproblems. Theproposedextensionsarepresented in detail, along with the necessary background information. The second stage of the thesis is comprised of three parts. In the first part, an outranking method is constructed using hesitant intuitionitic fuzzy linguistic term sets (HIFLTSs) for ranking alternatives in MCGDM problems based on intuitionistic fuzzy support function (IFSF), intuitionistic fuzzy risk function (IFRF),intuitionisticfuzzycredibilityfunction(IFCF)andthenetoutrankingflowindex(NOFI).Inthesecond part, the notion of directional Hausdorff distance between two HIFLTSs has been proposed and used it to formulate ELECTRE-based outranking method in hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic (HIFL) environment. The linguistic scale functions (LSFs) are used in two methodologies as mentioned above to conduct the transformation mechanism between qualitative information and quantitative data. In the third part, the notions of some distance measures between two HIFLTSs and weighted distance measures between two collections xiv xv of HIFLTSs are proposed and analyzed for discrete and continuous cases, and then used them to rank the alternatives in MCGDM problem. The third stage of the thesis is also comprised of two parts. In the first part, two outranking methods are developed with intuitionistic 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic (I2FL) information and a comparative discussion is conductedtodeterminetheadvantagesoftheproposedmethodovertheother. Inthesecondpart, afuzzyAHP (analytic hierarchy process) methodology for intuitionistic 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic sets (I2FLSs) is proposed and applied to solve MCDM problems. Finally, illustrative numerical examples are provided to elaborate the proposed methods with respect to the support of decision processes. This thesis closes with the conclusion along with some future research directions in this area.
’’در عدالت علے‘‘علی اکبر ناطق کی مناقب اہل بیت کا مجموعہ ہے۔مولا کی طرف سے خاص عطا کیا ہوا۔ ان کے کلام نے مولا علی کے قصائد آئمہ طاہرین کے حضور نذرانے کے طور پر کلام پیش کیا ہے۔قاری جب پڑھتا ہے تو بے اختیار پکار اٹھتا ہے کہ مصنف نے اس کا حق ادا کردیا ہے۔انہوں نے اس میں تاریخِ حق کو بیان کیا ہے کہ کس طرح تاریخِ حق کو منقبت میں سمو دیا گیاہے۔در عدالت علے عکس پبلی کیشنز نے 2020ء میں شائع کی۔اس کا انتساب سید اظہر علی عابد کے نام ہے۔اس کتاب نے مذہبی اور ادبی حلقوں میں یکساں طور پر ارتعاش پیداکیا ہے۔ انہوں نے اس میں ایک نظم ’’یاعلی میں گداؤں کی بستی کا ساکن‘‘کے عنوان سے لکھی ہے۔جس سے ان کا علی سے عشق کی انتہا کا ثبوت ملتا ہے۔یہ نظم انسان کے دل ودماغ کی پاکیزگی اور اس کے کردار کو بلندی کی طرف مائل کرتی ہے۔وہ بتاتے ہیں کہ ایک دن وہ اسلام آباد میں تھے۔ظہور امام کے دن تھے۔وہ بتاتے ہیں کہ سید منظر نقوی کے ساتھ جامعہ صادق جی نائن اسلام آباد میں مجلس سننے کے واسطے پہنچا۔سید اظہر نے جیسے ہی مجھے قریب پایا تو مجھے سلام پڑھنے کیلئے کہہ دیا۔وہ کہتے ہیں کہ ان کے ہاتھ پاؤں پھول گئے کیونکہ کلام پاس نہیں تھااور لکھا ہوا کچھ یاد نہیں تھا۔خیر قدم اٹھتے چلے گئے اورایک نظم جو اسلامک کو ذہن میں رکھ کر لکھی تھی اسی کے شعر پڑھنے لگے ناطق بتاتے ہیں کہ انھیں خوب داد وصول ہوئی۔
پھر انہوں نے ان کی مدح کے لیے بھی قلم اٹھایااور لکھنا شروع کیااور لکھتے ہی چلے گئے۔ اس طرح انھوں نے در عدالت علے کو مکمل کیا۔اس کا انتساب اسی...
To evaluate the feasibility of a business venture, both financial and non-financial factors are taken into consideration. The assessment of feasibility involves analyzing non-financial elements, with a specific focus on production and marketing aspects. The financial aspects of Tofu and Tempeh Sukses Jaya's commercial production were analyzed using metrics such as payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI) to determine its overall feasibility. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the business is feasible due to its advantageous location and convenient accessibility. The Tofu and Tempeh Sukses Jaya business appears to be viable due to its strategic and easily accessible location, modern technology, and straightforward production process. Feasibility is ensured by high product quality, imported raw materials, competitive pricing, extensive distribution channels, and effective promotional efforts by the owner to ensure consumer awareness. The financial analysis suggests that the Tempeh Tofu business could be viable over a 10-year project duration with a 10 percent discount rate. According to the evaluation criteria, the business has a 6-month payback period (PP), a net present value (NPV) of IDR 161,565,200, a profitability index (PI) of 1.6%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 30%, all of which indicates the business's financial feasibility.
We introduce a new three-parameter Modified Burr III G family of distributions. The proposed family is an extended and generalized family, of which some existing and new submodels are its limiting cases. The flexibility of the proposed family is fairly evident in the various shapes its density function accommodates. It can be symmetrical, left-skewed, right-skewed, bathtub, J or reversed-J. Its hazard rate can be increasing or decreasing, bathtub, upside-down bathtub, J and reversed-J, making it a suitable candidate for model fitting in biomedical, engineering, lifetime and survival studies. We have derived some of its structural properties and estimated its parameters using Maximum Likelihood Method. Taking Burr Type XII as a parent distribution we have studied its mathematical properties. A simulation study highlights the performance of the Maximum Likelihood Estimates. Two applications from life testing datasets elaborates its usefulness in model fitting.