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Home > Multiple Biomarker Approach for the Assessment of Genotoxicity in Major Carps Treated With Domestic Waste and Industrial Effluents Discharge Through Chakbandi Drain into River Chenab, Pakistan

Multiple Biomarker Approach for the Assessment of Genotoxicity in Major Carps Treated With Domestic Waste and Industrial Effluents Discharge Through Chakbandi Drain into River Chenab, Pakistan

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Rana, Muhammad Arshad

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Zoology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14606/1/35049.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726734868

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In this investigation, composite drain water concentrations were collected from five selected sites of Chakbandi drain in the month of April, May and June, 2016. These composite drain water concentrations were applied to fingerling’s of selected fish species namely, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala in laboratory conditions. LC50 were determined and sub-lethal dilutions i.e. 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% of drain water were tested for acute toxicity trial from April to June, 2016. All the water quality parameters i.e. DO, pH, temperature, conductivity, TDS, salinity, TSS, BOD and COD and ten selected heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Mn, Cd, Co, Ni, Sn, Hg, Zn and Pb) recorded from drain water were found to be above the admissible limits as suggested by FAO/ WHO. Bioaccumulation of these ten heavy metals in the muscle tissues of fish species revealed highly significant variations. Cirrhinus mrigala showed the higher level of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in their muscles when compared with Labeo rohita and Catla catla. Among all the treated fish species, Catla catla showed the maximum growth performance with respect to Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. The control fish showed more growth performance than the treated fish group. Maximum mean WBCs were recorded from Cirrhinus mrigala whereas minimum from Catla catla. Similarly, minimum level of RBCs, Hb, HCT and MCV were recorded from Cirrhinus mrigala in comparison with treated and control groups. In this study, DNA damage was quantified in the fish peripheral erythrocytes through different types of damaged cells. Maximum frequency for DNA damaged cells was measured in the erythrocytes of Cirrhinus mrigala than Labeo rohita and Catla catla. Cirrhinus mrigala exhibited the maximum average tail DNA length and average tail moment when compared with Labeo rohita and Catla catla. Maximum mean total no. of cells with micronuclei and maximum micronuclei frequency was recorded in erythrocytes of Cirrhinus mrigala than Labeo rohita and Catla catla. When histopathological analysis of control and treated fish was compared, control fish manifested the normal structures than treated fish which reflected various alterations with respect to liver, kidney, gills and muscles. Conclusively, all the multiple biomarkers performed the reliable role for the evaluation o environmental pollution.Furthermore, multiple biomarker findings are conducive to an early prognosis for environmental management and may assist us in planning strategies to minimize the ecotoxicological impacts of pollutants reaching in freshwater reservoirs, aquatic fauna, particularly fish and indirectly human populations.
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ن۔م۔راشدؔ

تعارف:
اردو کے یہ منفرد روایت شکن، ترقی پسند شاعر یکم اگست 1910ء میں علی پور چٹھہ، ضلع گوجرانوالہ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ان کا اصل نام راجا نذر محمد تھا۔ اور تاریخی نام " خضر" تھا۔ آج اردو ادب کی جدید تاریخ ن م راشد کے ذکر کے بغیرنا مکمل ہے۔ وہ جدید شاعری میں آزاد نظم کے بانی، علامت نگاری کی تحریک، نفی دانش کے اولین مشعل بردار ہیں۔
پہلا مجموعہ کلام:
اردو شاعری کو روایتی تنگنائے سے نکال کر بین الاقوامی دھارے میں شامل کرنے کا سہرا ن م راشد اور میرا جی کے سر جاتا ہے۔ 1942ء میں ن م راشد کا پہلا مجموعہ ’ماورا‘ شائع ہوا جو نہ صرف اردو آزاد نظم کا پہلا مجموعہ ہے بلکہ یہ جدید شاعری کی پہلی کتاب بھی ہے۔ ماورا سے اردو شاعری میں انقلاب بپا ہو گیا،اور یہ انقلاب صرف صنفِ سخن یعنی آزاد نظم کی حد تک نہیں تھا، کیوں کہ تصدق حسین خالد پہلے ہی آزاد نظمیں لکھ چکے تھے، لیکن راشد نے اسلوب، موضوعات اور پیش کش کی سطح پر بھی اجتہاد کیا۔
فیض اور راشد:
ن م راشد کا تقابل اکثر فیض احمد فیض کے ساتھ کیا جاتا ہے، لیکن صاف ظاہر ہے کہ نہ صرف فیض کے موضوعات محدود ہیں بلکہ ان کی فکر کا دائرہ بھی راشد کے مقابلے پر تنگ ہے۔ ساقی فاروقی بیان کرتے ہیں :
" فیض نے خود اعتراف کیا تھا کہ وہ راشد کی طرح نظمیں نہیں لکھ سکتے کیوں کہ راشد کا ذہن ان سے کہیں بڑا ہے۔"
فیض اور راشد میں ایک قدرِ مشترک یہ بھی ہے کہ دونوں ترقی پسند شاعروں کے مجموعے دوسری جنگِ عظیم سے پہلے شائع ہوگئے تھے۔ راشد کی ماورا 1940ء اور فیض کی نقشِ فریادی 1941ء میں۔ ماورا نہ صرف اردو آزاد نظم بلکہ جدید اردو...

The Gray area Beyond Raised Objections (Sharia’h Perspective) Regarding In-practice Islamic Banking System

Shari‘ah’s teachings are perfect and forever. They leave everlasting impacts on society towards its spiritual as well as material purification (Tazkia) if implemented properly according to Qur’an and Sunnah. Interest (Sood/Rib┐) has been forbidden by Almighty Allah whereas Trade (Ba‘a) has been legitimated. To bring the Muslims of today out of Interest-based Banking System, religious scholars have outlined and introduced Islamic Banking System which, although, has got fast growth in market but still, a number of objections are being raised by different scholars leading to an impression that this system is not working in accordance with Shari‘ah. This not only discourages the entry of new ones to Islamic Banking Sector but also create confusions in the minds of the enlisted customers. Keeping in view the above scenario, need is felt to assess, evaluate and analyze the Objections raised with special emphasis on Islamic Concept of Bank, Charity Fund (Iltez┐m be tasaduq) and Mur┐ba╒a being the major points of objections of the critics. The present study investigates different aspects and dimensions of these objections in the context of Shariah and ground realities in order to know the extent of validity of these objections, highlight the gray areas giving rise to objections and give real picture to the public in general and enhance the satisfactory level of the enlisted Islamic Banking customers in particular.

Evaluating the Potential of Plant Water Extracts for Growth Improvement in Maize

Allelochemicals may have concentration dependent influence on plant growth. At low concentration these chemicals promote the plant growth and may suppress the same when applied at higher concentration. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth promotery potential of sorghum, rice, maize and moringa water extracts. In the laboratory trials, application rate and frequency of sorghum, rice and maize water extracts (fresh and boiled) at different concentrations (100, 50, 25, 10, 5, and 3%) were evaluated and optimized for growth promotion of maize. Fresh and boiled extracts of sorghum, maize and rice were foliar applied alone and in combination with each other and along with moringa leaf extract (3%) at 30 and 50 days after sowing (DAS). Lower concentrations (3%) of sorghum, rice and maize plant water extracts promoted the seedling growth and seedling dry weights as compared to higher concentrations (25, 50 and 100%). In field experiments, combined application of fresh sorghum and moringa water extract (3%) increased the grain yield by 34-35% over control; whereas application of boiled plant extracts provided 35-38% improvement in grain yield over control from the combined application of boiled sorghum and maize water extracts at 3%. Moreover, marginal analysis of field experiments indicated that application of sorghum water extract (SWE) alone and combined application of rice and sorghum plant extracts had more marginal rate of return; nonetheless, application of fresh extracts had more marginal rate of return in this regard. In conclusion, application of allelopathic plant water extracts at lower concentrations (3%) alone and in combination improved the growth and productivity of maize. However, fresh water extracts alone or in combination may be preferred.