Acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are caused by thrombosis or the obstruction of blood vessels with clots and this is the leading causes of death. The single handling accessible is the use of thrombolytic agent to liquefy the blood lump. Hyper production of streptokinase was carried out in this research work. Beta hemolytic Streptococcus equisimilis was isolated from indigenous sources and then mutagenesis of this isolate was carried out by means of chemicals as well as radiations. To seek the optimum activity, different kinetic and thermodynamic parameters like pH, temperature, Km, Vmax, molecular weight, melting temperature, half-life, enthalpy and entropy etc. were applied on the purified enzyme. UV irradiated strain resulted in 335 U/mL activity with 1116.66 U/mg specific activity, 0.30 mg/mL protein, 41.92 fold purification and 69.79% recovery whereas Sodium azide derived mutant resulted in 400 U/mL activity with 2000 U/mg specific activity, 0.20 mg/mL protein, 71.94 fold purification and 64.51% recovery of the finally purified enzyme. Gamma irradiated strain exhibited 300 U/mL activity with 1428.57 U/mg specific activity, 0.21 mg/mL protein, 59.52 fold purification and 75.94% recovery whereas ethidium bromide derived mutant showed 365 U/mL activity with 1659.09 U/mg specific activity, 0.22 mg/mL protein, 66.52 fold purification and 85.08% recovery. Optimum pH and temperature of the finally purified enzyme was 7 and 45oC. Enthalpy of denaturation (ΔH*) of streptokinase at 450C was 43.67 kJ/mole. The Energy of thermal denaturation ΔG* was 101.14 kJ/mole and entropy of inactivation ΔS* was -197.32 kJ/mole at 45oC. The negative value of ΔS* indicated that streptokinase was thermodynamically stable. Km and Vmax values of streptokinase were 26.31 mM and 50 MS-1. Streptokinase produced from sodium azide derived mutant exhibited activity within the pH range of 6 to 8 while it presented its best performance at pH 7. Thermal stability between 45oC to 80oC was shown by the streptokinase along with half-life of 244 minutes while less stability was shown at 80oC along with 45 minutes of half-life and 40.41 kJ/mole as enthalpy of denaturation (ΔH*).
شاعری اک اجہی ربی نعمت تے صلاحیت ہے ، جو رب حساس تے چونویں بندیاں نوں ہی عطا کردا اے، ایس لئی کہ ایہہ بندے عام لوکائی توں اپنیاں ایہناں خوبیاں پاروں سماج اندر اپنی وکھری پچھان تے مقام رکھدے ہن ، اکثر ویکھن وچ آیا ہے ، کہ جدوں کوئی بندہ شاعری شروع کردا اے، تاں اپنے آپ نوں کسے خاص صنف سخن نال جوڑکے باقی دیاں اصناف سخن نالوں ناطہ توڑ لیندا اے، پر ارشادؔ ڈیروی وانگ بہت گھٹ شاعر ہن جوا کو ویلے کامیابی نال ہرصنف سخن وچ نہ صرف طبع ازمائی کردے نیں سگوں ہر صنف سخن وچ ہر قسم دے موضوعات نوں بیان کرن دی صلاحیت وی رکھدے نیں ، عام قاری دے لئی ارشادؔ ہوری اک مرثیہ گو شاعر ہوون گے پراوہناں لوکاںآپ دی شاعری نوں کدے گوہ نال پڑھن دی کھیچل ای نئیں کیتی، اوہناں اپنی شاعری وچ حیاتی نال تعلق رکھن والے ہر موضوع نوں بیان کیتا اے ، کجھ دا ویروا کیتا جانداے۔
حمد
حمد عربی زبان دا لفظ اے جس نے معنی تعریف کرنا ، شکر کرنا اے ، (۱)حمد دا مطلب اے الحمد للہ کہنا ، حمد (ع،امث)خدا کی تعریف (افعال ، کرنا، ہونا،)، (۲)الحمدلہ، یعنی الحمد للہ، سب تعریف اللہ کے لیے ہے، کیو ںجے ساریاں صفتاں دا منبع تے مرجع اوسے دی ذات اے، قرآن پاک وچ ’’لہ الحمد‘‘ دے الفاظ(۲۴وار) استعمال ہوئے نیں ،(۳)ایسے لئی مسلمان ’’الحمد للہ‘‘ دے الفاظ کثرت نال ورت دے نیں ، جس توں مراد اللہ تعالیٰ دی تعریف تے شکر لیندے نیں ، کیوں جے اوہناں دا عقیدہ اے ، پئی خوشیاں تے غم ، دکھ تے مصیبتاں ، آرام تے سکون خوش حالی تے رزق ، زندگی تے...
Cannibalism (Akl-e-Mayyet) refers to the act or practice of humans, eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings i.e. Corpses. It is also termed as anthropophagy. A person who practices cannibalism is known as cannibal. In the recent past it was reported in the public media that two brothers from Bhakkar (Pakistan) were caught red handed practicing cannibalism. In the article under reference efforts have been made to highlight the status of human being from Islamic perspectve with special reference to their nourishment. This paper also emphasizes a critical study of the opinions of the Jurists regarding human cannibalism.
In modern electronic warfare, physical layer security threats have evolved from traditional jammers to smart jammers. Smart jammers, due to their stealthy nature, make wireless communication systems vulnerable. They can easily deceive an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Cyber security mainly concerns with Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA). Traditional jammers block availability of communication system whereas smart jammers disturb integrity with false availability. In this thesis, a physical layer intrusion detection system for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) systems is developed against smart jammers to care about integrity and availability issues caused by smart jammers. Smart jammingnoiseismodeledaswidesensestationary,additiveandcolored. Thisrandomprocess is decomposed into a series expansion of independent and uncorrelated random variables. The decomposition helps in designing a signal-processing algorithm for Physical Layer Intrusion Detection System (PLIDS). The algorithm is easily implemented via correlators. PLIDS is evaluated using simulated electronic warfare environment and its performance is measured in terms of detection capability, precision and accuracy. By adjusting the tuning parameter, error free detection is possible. Different performance tradeoffs are observed for different values of tuning parameter. Finally, asymptotic analysis of proposed PLIDS is performed in terms of time complexity, space complexity and input scale. PLIDS helps detection of smart jammers at physical layer instead of its usual place, i.e., conventional detection using IDS installed at higher layers of TCP/IP protocol stack.