مولانا عبدالماجد بدایونی
افسوس ہے کہ اس سال کا خاتمہ بھی ماتم پر ہوتا ہے، خطیب الامت مولانا عبدالماجد بدایونی رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کا ناگہانی سانحۂ ارتحال ہمارے لئے ذاتی اور قومی دونوں حیثیتوں سے وہ غم ہے جو بھلائے نہیں بھولتا۔
۱۴؍ دسمبر ۱۹۳۱ء کی نصف شب کو یہ واقعہ لکھنؤ صدر میں پیش آیا تو میں وہاں اس صبح کو موجود تھا، ۸ بجے صبح کو خبر ہوئی جب ۹ بجے کے بعد وہاں پہنچا تو مرحوم کی زندہ روح خدا کے پاس اور مردہ لاش بدایوں کو منتقل ہوچکی تھی۔
مولانا عبدالماجد بدایونی کون تھے؟ لکھنے والے ان کے محامد و اوصاف صفحوں میں لکھیں گے اور بیان کرنے والے گھنٹوں بیان کریں گے، لیکن اس سارے دفتر کو صرف ایک لفظ میں اگر ادا کرنا چاہیں تو کہہ سکتے کہ وہ ہستی جو سرتاپا محبت تھی، خدا سے محبت رسول سے محبت، آل رسول سے محبت، اکابر سے محبت، دوستوں سے محبت، کارکنوں سے محبت، عزیزوں سے محبت۔
حضرات علماء کے طبقہ میں ان کی ذات ہر حیثیت سے قابل فخر تھی، ان تمام لوگوں پر جنھوں نے طرابلس کے زمانہ سے اسلامی جدوجہد میں شرکت کی، ان بیس برسوں میں مختلف دور گزرے، یعنی کچھ آرام و سکون، پھر کچھ سعی و محنت، کچھ عزلت گزینی اور پھر ہنگامہ آرائی، کچھ توقف، پھر تیزرفتاری، اس طرح ان کی زندگی کے ایام وقتاًفوقتاً گزرتے رہے، مگر جماعت علماء میں یہی ایک ہستی تھی جس کی زندگی کے ایک لمحہ کو بھی اس وقت سے چین نصیب نہ ہوا، ہر وقت و ہر نفس ان کو کام کی ایک دھن لگی ہوئی تھی، جس کے پیچھے ان کا آرام چین خانگی سکون، اہل و عیال اور جان و مال ہر چیز قربان تھی، یہ بھی سماں گزرا ہے کہ ان کے گھر میں کفن دفن کا...
To general public, all videos are perceived to be true, but they may not have probative value in the Court of law. The undertaken article analyzes the admissibility and probative value of a video presented as evidence before a court in the Criminal Justice System of Pakistan (CJSP). It analyzes the relevant law and diagnoses the problems with the video evidence through the lens of the judgments of Superior Courts. The court of law objectively ascertains that a video presented as evidentiary means bears significant relevance to the fact in question. It must be admissible under the law, and it must be proved to be genuine. To fill up the gap between a “Video” and a “Video Evidence”, there is a process, which is known as video authentication. It determines that the video contents are genuine, authentic, credible, unaltered, untampered and unfabricated. The study discusses various modes of video authentication. Precedents set by superior courts of Pakistan show that convictions have been made once the courts are satisfied with the credibility of video evidence. In the court of law, video evidence is normally presented after the completion of prosecution evidence. The video is played in court and is watched by the presence. But the researcher establishes that such process does not have legal justification. The article suggests that it would be legal and proper for the prosecution to produce the video evidence through the witness, during his evidence, who is either victim, witness, recorded and/or copied the video directly from original source such as C.C.T.V system and that witness would be subjected to cross examination.
In a pot experiment, wood coal was applied to tomato plants of Rio Grande cultivar in the form of 32 different treatments, which were made by treating the same number of powdered wood coal portions (250g each ) with one liter each of 32 different acid base solutions i.e. 4% HCl, 4% H2SO4, 15% HNO3, 5% NaOH, 5% KOH abbreviated as ''C'', ''F'',''N'', ''S'', ''P'' and their combinations CF, CN, CS, CP, FN, FS, FP, NS, NP, SP, CFN, CFS, CFP, FNS, FNP, FSP, CNS, CNP, CSP, FSP, NSP, CFNS, CFNP, CFSP, CNSP, FNSP, CFNSP in one ratio one respectively. Quality of the treated wood coal and its role as fertilizer was studied in term of physicochemical parameters of pots soil and tomato plants in comparison to controls i.e. NPK, humic acid, F.Y.M, wood coal and untreated soil. pH and EC of the treated wood coal showed significant difference (P<0.05) with ranges of 1.48 to 11.9 and 3.45 to 28.4µs/dl respectively, where most of pH values were in acidic region, except S, P, CS, FP, SP, CSP and FSP treatments while EC was highest in acidic or acid containing treatments. Soil parameters showed significant variation (P<0.05) where the least EC 96.60 µS/dl was found in untreated soil while highest 190.10 µS/dl in NSP treated soil.Acidity of soil ranged from 0.97x10-2g/100mL in S to 1.41x10-2g/100mL in FP treated soils. The highest value 6.58x10-3% of inorganic nitrogen was observed in CFNSP treated soil. An increase in soil pH from 7.85 to 8.61 was observed after treatments where treatment wise comparison showed a range from 8.10 to 8.32 in CFP and CNS respectively. The effect of treatments on soil minerals in mg/kg indicated greatest variation in Fe from 2.759 to 5.358, Mn from 0.324 to 0.73, Na from 3.9 to 11.9 and K from 8.60 to 15.30 while other minerals like Cu, Zn, P, Pb and Ni showed moderate variability. Higher trend of soil minerals were found in sulfuric or nitric acids containing treatments. Data of tomato plants physical parameters,taken in intervals each of 15 days, varied significantly (P<0.05) where higher values of plant height 51.53cm was found in CN, leaf area 26.77 cm2 in FSP, No. of leaves plant-113.13 in CFN, No. of leaflets plant-1 53.93 in NP and No. of flower plant-1week-1 13.80 in SP treated plants with lower values of these parameters25.20 cm, 15.94cm2, 8.07, 33.87 and 1.42 in untreated soil respectively, while No. of branches 4.56 of CNP were higher than humic acid 1.56 and No. of fruits plant-1week-1 4.75 of FNS than 1.00 of CSP. Proximate composition of plant parts taken in percent showed the higher values of moisture 96.28, crude protein 1.30 and NFE 88.36 in roots, ash 4.75 and crude fiber 7.32 in stem and crude fat 2.64 in young leaves. Percent proximate composition of treated plants varied from 0.5 to 3, where maximum values ofmoisture 95.67, ash 4.03, crude fat 2.05, crude protein 1.21, crude fiber 6.05 and NFE 87.94 were detected in C, CFP CNS, CNSP, CFNP and FN treated plants respectively. Except Na and K with highest values of 16.10 and 37.63, other minerals of plant parts, like Fe, Zn, Mn, P etc., varied from 0.01 to 3.00mgKg-1 where most of them were higher in roots and leaves of tomato. Treatment variation of these mineral were also significant at P=0.05 where highest values of Fe was found in CNSP, Zn, Cu and in C, Mn in FNSP, Na and P in NSP, K in N and Ni was highest in FSP treated plants. Most of the fruits proximate parameters except moisture 94.82% and NFE 96.88% ranged from 0.02 to 3% with higher values in KOH containing treatments. The lowest values of these minerals were present in untreated soils. Among the mineral content of fruits Fe content of FNSP, Zn of CFSP, Cu and Na of CFNS, Mn and P of CS, Pb of CNP, Ni of SP were highest compared to other treatments. Highest values of Carbon 84.16% and lycophene 4.50mgKg-1 were found in CFP and FSP treatments, while chlorophyll was high at day 45of transplantation and in CFNSP treated plant. From the results it was conjectured that treated wood coal may be developed as fertilizer for tomato and other crops where further research particularly under field condition are needed.