منشی محمد احتشام علی کاکوروی
لکھنؤ کی سرزمین میں اپریل کے چوتھے ہفتہ میں ایک اور حادثہ پیش آیا یعنی کاکوری کے ممتاز خاندان کے رئیس جناب منشی محمد احتشام علی صاحب نے ۲۲؍ اپریل کی صبح کو ۷۵ برس کی عمر میں وفات پائی، کہنا چاہئے کہ اودھ میں قدیم شریفانہ جوہر وضعداری، دینداری، مروت، سیرچشمی، غربا نوازی اور مسکین پروری کا یہ اخیر نمونہ تھا، ان کی پوری زندگی میں جس میں وسعت کا زمانہ بھی تھا اور تنگی کا بھی، ان کے ہاتھ یکساں کھلے رہے اور اس اخفاء کے ساتھ کہ بائیں ہاتھ کو بھی داہنے ہاتھ کی خبر نہ تھی، وہ مولانا شاہ فضل رحمان صاحب گنج مراد آبادی سے بیعت تھے، اس تعلق کو اخیر اخیر وقت تک جس طرح نباہا، وہ ان کی سعادت مندی کا نشان ہے، پابندی یہ کہ مرتے وقت سجدہ عبودیت ادا کیا ہے اور صبر و شکر کے کلمے زبان سے نکلتے رہے۔
ان کی جوانی تھی کہ ندوۃ العلماء کا غلغلہ بلند ہوا، چونکہ اس مجلس کے سرپر فضل رحمانی سایہ فگن تھا۔ اس لئے حضرت شیخ کے سارے حلقہ بگوش اس کے حلقہ میں تھے اور اسی مناسبت سے جناب منشی محمد اطہر علی صاحب مرحوم اور ان کے ساتھ میں جناب منشی احتشام علی صاحب ندوہ کے خدام میں داخل ہوئے تھے، اپریل ۱۸۹۵ء میں اس کا پہلا جلسہ لکھنؤ میں ہوا تھا، اس اپریل ۱۸۹۵ء سے لے کر ۲۲؍ اپریل ۱۹۴۳ء کی صبح تک جب کہ انہوں نے زندگی کی اخیر سانس لی ہے، یکساں دلچسپی خلوص و انہماک سے اپنے فرائض کو انجام دیا ہے۔ نہ صرف رئیسوں میں بلکہ مسلمانوں میں اس قدامت خدمت اور مخلصانہ مذہبی خدمت گزاری کی مثال شائد ہی ملے۔
خیالی گنج میں ان کی بڑی اور وسیع کوٹھی، ان کے عزیزوں کا...
Introduction: During COVID-19 lockdown, Shalamar Medical College opted for an unproctored online formative assessment. Medical institutes have conducted online assessments before COVID-19 and literature presents contrasting views on its acceptability by teachers and students alike. Objective: This study aims to determine medical students’ perception of the unproctored online assessments. Methods: A survey questionnaire was disseminated through Google forms to all MBBS students of SMDC on WhatsApp. Consent to take part in the survey was added to the questionnaire and students consenting to be a part of the survey were requested to fill in the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of closed ended as well as open-ended questions. The data was analyzed by IBM SPSS 20. Results: Network issues are believed to be a major issue in taking online tests (83%) and 45% of the students feel it is more difficult to take an online test. Fifty-eight percent of the students feel it is easy to cheat on online tests. A considerable number of students (P = 0.00) believe that MCQS are more reliable than SEQs. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that students do not consider online tests as reliable and effective as classroom tests because of network issues, and unconducive environment at home, limited time, and academic dishonesty. However, if they are unavoidable, students would be more receptive to MCQs than SEQs. KEYWORDS: Reliability, cheating, effectiveness, online assessment
This analytical research lies at the intersection of language and gender. It is rooted in Showalter‘s perspective that contemporary female writers share distinct female experiences, which require a female framework for examining literary works by women, about women. Theoretically speaking, Post-modern frameworks promote human experience to be located, inescapably within language. Language shapes and reifies positioning of women in the society. Therefore, I have taken up Gynocriticism as an approach towards the selected texts, which looks at the language of the texts by the female authors from female perspective. Earlier, studies in this area centered on the similarities and differences between the male and female spoken language, but I have narrowed down this area of study by studying the similarities and differences in the use of literary language by Maya Angelou, Margaret Atwood and Moniza Alvi. They have been studied under the canopy of Communities of Practice Approach, using the adapted theoretical-operational framework given by Elaine Showalter, Jonathan Culler and Sara Mills. It tends to bring out those experiential and relational values of the selected female poets that provide basis for re-establishing of women‘s positioning in the society through the transformative power of language in literature. It does not only reflect upon new positioning of female intellectuals, but women in general. It brings out their urge for growth and empowerment that calls for encouragement, appreciation and recognition. The analytical findings reveal that these women of intellect and wisdom belong to different parts of the world, yet they share a common goal, of raising their voice against suppression of women, exemplifying themselves to be equally talented and competent in their art of writing poetry. The study also presents strength of female writers to use language as a transformative power and display the dynamics of their experiential and relational values, for the emancipation of women around the world through their linguistic diversity and literary aesthetics. The analysis of the selected poems determines and establishes the position of the female poets as talented and artistic beings, making the world accept women as a group, who has started to look at themselves as strong and equal members of the society, bringing out their persuasive voice and making them heard as women of substance in the world.