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Numerical Simulations of Fractional Order Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

Thesis Info

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Author

Zafar, Zain Ul Abadin

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mathemaics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11072/1/Zain%20ul%20Abadin%20Zafar_Math_2018_UET%28L%29_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726778385

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Mathematical models play a role in analyzing and control infectious diseases in a population. These models construction clarifies assumptions, variables and parameters, and provide conceptual insights such as thresholds and basic reproduction numbers for various infectious diseases. Some very important theories are built and tested, some quantitative speculations are made and some specific questions are answered with the help of mathematical models. This leads to a better strategy for overcoming the transmission of diseases.For the last twenty years, chaos theory has brought about a valuable association between mathematicians and researchers in bio-medical sciences. Such association has described a biomedical system with ordinary and fractional order mathematical model usually consists of a nonlinear ordinary or fractional order differential equation or system of non-linear ordinary or fractional order differential equations. The fractional order mathematical model is used to predict the behavior of corresponding bio-medical system. The model must be investigated to guarantee that it does not foresee chaos in the bio-medical system under examination, when chaos is not actually present in the system. The mathematician must further confirm that any method used to solve the fractional order mathematical model does not envisage chaos when chaos is not a feature of the bio-medical system. The contrived chaos can be avoided and stability can be retained using implicit methods instead of using explicit numerical methods. In recent years, fractional differential equations have become one of the most important topics in mathematics and have received much consideration and growing curiosity due to the options of unfolding nonlinear systems and due to their prospective applications in physics, control theory, and engineering. The generalization is obtained by changing the ordinary derivative with the fractional order derivative. The benefit of fractional differential equation systems is that they allow greater degrees of freedom and incorporate the memory effect in the model. Due to this fact, they were introduced in epidemiological modeling systems. The main reason for using integer order models was the absence of solution methods for fractional differential equations. Various applications, like in the reaction kinetics of proteins, the anomalous electron transport in amorphous materials, the dielectrical or mechanical relation of polymers, the modeling of glass forming liquids and others, are successfully performed in numerous research works.The physical and geometrical meaning of the non-integer integral containing the real and complex conjugate power-law exponent has been proposed. Since integer order differential equations cannot precisely describe the experimental and field measurement data, as an alternative approach, non-integer order differential equation models are now being widely applied. The advantage of fractional-order differential equation systems over ordinary differential equation systems is that they allow greater degrees of freedom and incorporate memory effect in the model. In other words, they provide an excellent tool for the description of memory and hereditary properties which were not taken into account in the classical integer order model.In the present research work, we developed and investigated fractional order numerical techniques for the solution of fractional order models for infectious diseases, whose fixed points will be seen to be the same as the critical points of model equations and to have the same stability properties. These techniques will numerically analyze the behavior of solution of the fractional order models, stability analysis of the steady states and threshold criteria for the epidemics. The proposed techniques may be used with arbitrarily fractional order, thus making them more economical to use when integrating for arbitrary fractional order and may preserve all the essential properties like dynamical consistency, positivity and boundedness, of the corresponding fractional order dynamical systems.
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مصطفےٰ کمال اتاترک

اتاترک، مصطفےٰ کمال
غمِ کمال
آخر اس عیسیٰ نفس کو بھی موت آگئی جس نے بیمار ٹرکی کو شفا، اور اس کو موت کے پنجہ سے چھڑا کر زندگی بخشی تھی، دنیا نے اس کا ماتم کیا، اور عجیب تر یہ ہے کہ انھوں نے بھی اس کا ماتم کیا جنھوں نے اس کو تختہ دار پر چڑھانے میں کوئی کوشش اٹھا نہ رکھی تھی لیکن اس کی تلوار نے ہر بیڑی کو کاٹا اور ہر زنجیر کے ٹکڑے کئے اور پرانی ٹرکی کو جلا کر اس کی راکھ سے ایک نئی ٹرکی بنا کر کھڑی کی ۱۹۲۰؁ء میں کون خیال کرسکتا تھا کہ اتحادیوں کے پنجۂ ستم سے بچ کر یہ شکار صحیح و سلامت نکل آئے گا، مگر اس کی تدبیروں نے آخر ہر تدبیر کو شکست دی، ڈاکٹر اقبال نے سچ کہا:

قاہری با دلبری پیغمبری است
ایسا سیاسی پیغمبر اگر کوئی ہوا ہے تو وہ مصطفی کمال اتا ترک تھا، جو تاج و تخت، خدم و حشم، باڈی گارڈ اور محافظوں کے دستہ کے بغیر ملک پر حکمرانی کرتا تھا، اس نے اسلام کے اس سیاسی رنگ کا دھندلا سا منظر پیش کیا تھا، جس کے دیکھنے کو خلافت راشدہ کے بعد سے مسلمانوں کی آنکھیں بیتاب تھیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ سے دعا ہے کہ وہ مرحوم کو اپنی مغفرت و رحمت کے فتوحات سے سرفراز فرمائے اور ان کی اجتہادی غلطیوں سے درگزر کرے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۳۸ء)

 

تصوف کے غیر مشہور سلاسل کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Human being is the combination of two elements (body and soul). Soul is the eternal element in human being. Body of human is subordinate to disease and illness. Similarly soul can also get illness and inner disease. Human being visits doctors for cure and getting better physical health of body, likewise for the care and cure of the soul of human needs to have spiritual attachment, which is called tasawof. In Muslim society, it is believed that Tasawoof is confined to four categories (Salasil) i.e. Naqashbandiya, Chishtiya, Saharwardiya and Qadariya. In the same context it is also accepted that some other names of different salasil exist in different societies and books, which made the confusion in the  real picture and concept of Tasawof. This article is an attempt to find  these unfamiliar Salasil of tasawof and clarify their legal status. The researcher studied in this context which stated that tasawof is not restricted to the above mentioned four categories. The reason of less familiarization in the society is that the it was practiced by less followers at the time.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanoadsorbents for the Selective Removal of Reactive Dyes from Synthetic Waste Water by Adsorption Process

The present research work covers the synthesis of nanoparticles of coirpith for the effective and safe removal of toxic dyes from water streams. The synthesis of metallic nanoadsorbents described in this research, possesses a real potential for many applications related to color removal from open streams of effluents. The logic behind synthesis of nanoparticles of coirpith is its lignocellulosic nature. Metal nanocomposites were prepared through bottom up approach. In this respective procedure, atomic or molecular species are allowed to chemically react with the precursor particles. Initially the adsorption effects of Coomassie Briliant Blue (R-250) and Reactive Red (RR-223) were examined with raw and carbonized coirpith (CPR & CPC). Furthermore, the effects of synthesized nanoadsorbents were evaluated for the removal of Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB R-250) and Reactive Red (RR-223) dyes from aqueous solution by adopting batch adsorption method. The adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, concentration, temperature and pH. The percentage removal of dyes solution was examined before and after the adsorption process with the help of UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Adsorption data was incorporated in Langmiur, Freundlich and Dubnin–Radushkevich isotherm equations for the evaluation of their respective constants. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG⁰), enthalpy (ΔH⁰), and entropy (ΔS⁰) of the system were also calculated. pH at point zero charge pH(pzc) of CPR and CPC was also investigated. The photocatalytic activity of dye was examined in the presence of ultraviolet light and extreme weather conditions. The surface morphology of synthesized nano adsorbents was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Furthermore the synthesized NPs were characterized by XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) for the determination of specific particle size and particular presence of elements. The results of adsorption process revealed the fact that with the rise in temperature of the system the dye adsorption rate was also increased. Outcome of thermodynamic analysis for CPR and CPC, for the adsorption of CBB (R-250) and RR-223 confirms that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The positive values of ΔS⁰ exhibit the increased randomness of solid solution interface. The kinetics of dye removal was also investigated and results showed that CPR and CPC follow second order rate constant for CBB (R-250) and RR-223. The results from isotherm activity confirms that CPR and CPC follow Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm for toxic dyes i-e CBB (R-250) and RR-223. The pH (pzc) activity confirms the basic nature of CPR & CPC. The maximum removal capacity of CBB(R-250) with CPR was found to be 70% and of CPC is 99%.The % degradation of RR-223 was observed upto 78.73 % by using CPC. The highly magnified SEM images of synthesized nanoparticles of coirpith confirms the formation of agglomerates of CP-Ti-NPs; highly porous, flaky nano spheres of CP-NiCl2-NPs; fabricated clusters alongwith magnetic characteristics of CP-NiCl2-CA-NPs and evenly edged circular shape nanoparticles of CP-Ni-K-NPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were found in the range of (1 nm to 100 nm). The results discloses the increased rate of adsorption upto 85% at 0.3 gm of synthesized nanoparticles. The best adsorption results were exhibited by CP-NiCl2-CA-NPs and CP-Ni-K-NPs.