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Numerical Simulations of Staged-Pinch Plasma for Thermonuclear Fusion Studies

Thesis Info

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Author

Deeba, Farah

Supervisor

Kamaluddin Ahmed

Program

PhD

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Physics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/191

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726779194

Similar


We have investigated the dynamics of staged pinch plasma using different types of stability criterion with a view to suppress Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability. Fusion parameters in a staged pinch plasma device are estimated by considering double-gas puff as well as multicascade liner (N-multiple shells of finite thickness) system. First of all, the implosion dynamics of dense D-T fiber plasma driven by a double gas-puff z-pinch is examined in the presence of kinetic pressure. A modified snow-plow model has been used to describe the outer dynamics of imploding z-pinch plasma. We found that the inclusion of kinetic pressure introduces the usual plasma β-term. Our numerical results demonstrate that the fusion parameters can be achieved in a dense θ-pinch D-T fiber plasma for an optimum choice of density ratios of the test to driver gas at the interface position and the kinetic to magnetic pressure ratio. We expect that double gas- puff staged pinch device would be a more feasible approach to achieve fusion conditions with an enhanced stability. Since the shell thickness of the imploding plasma liner plays an important role in the stabilization of short-wavelength perturbations, causing R-T instability. First, we consider the implosion dynamics of a double-cascade configuration of two nested cylindrical shells with some initial radii and puff thicknesses that are imploded towards the axis under the action of J×B force. In order to achieve high density plasma at the final stage of collapse, D-T fiber plasma was seeded with high-Z Kr impurity so as to initiate radiative collapse. We choose different puff thickness so as to achieve stable implosion satisfying the criterion proposed by De Groot et al., [17]. Then we have also generalized the work by considering that the imploding z-pinch plasma is made up of discrete N-multiple shells of various thicknesses, radii and mass densities so as to reduce the total growth rate of R-T instability at the final stage of implosion. Our numerical results show that the plasma parameters of the D-T fiber sensitively depends upon the shell mass ratios and thicknesses. Large values of puff-thickness and mass-ratios provide stabilization against the R-T instability in the final stage of compression but adversely affects fusion conditions. For optimum values of puff-thicknesses and mass ratios, one can obtain fusion parameters of interest in a multicascade liner staged pinch device. In our zero- dimensional code, we have used typical parameters of Sandia National Laboratories for which the amplitude of discharge current was 10 MA, with a pulse duration of 50 nsec. We have also used sinusoidal type current profile. To make our model calculations more realistic, we have used current stepping technique, which uses the circuit coupled equation. In this technique, a single current step is added to the primary pinching current. We found that with current- stepping method, one can obtain very high density and high temperature plasma with relatively small values of driving current (kA) which are delivered in μsec time scale. Thus for optimum choice of scaling parameters, staged pinch device with current-stepping technique seemed to be a more feasible approach to achieve fusion conditions.
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ماں دی ممتا

ماں دی ممتا

پرانے زمانے دی گل اے کہ اک پنڈ دے لوک بہت ای ظالم سن۔ خاص طور تے اوہ پرندیاں دا شکار کردے۔ درختاں اتے چڑھ کے اوہناں دے آہلنیاںوچوں انڈے یاں بچے کڈھ لیندے سن۔ ایس پنڈ دے باہر اک بہت وڈا بوڑھ دا درخت سی۔ اوتھے اک طوطے نے آہلنا پایا۔ اک طوطا تے طوطی گلاں کردے نیں طوطا طوطی نوں آکھدا اے:

طوطیے من موتیے ایس نگری نہ جا

ایس نگری دے جٹ برے نیں پھائیاں لیندے پاء

اگوں طوطی جواب دیندی اے:

طوطیا من موتیا ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں

اوہناں دے دو چھوٹے بچے وی ہوندے نیں۔ طوطا آکھدا اے کہ میں پنڈ جاندا ہاں تاں جے بچیاں لئی کجھ کھاون لئی لے آواں۔ طوطی آکھدی اے۔

طوطیا من موتیا ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں

میں اپنے بچیاں نوں چھڈ کے نئیں جا سکدی جے میرے بچیاں نوں کجھ ہو گیا تاں میرا لک ٹٹ جاوے گا۔ میں مر جاواں گی۔ طوطا جان لگدا اے تے طوطی آکھدی اے۔ کہ توں ایس نگری نہ جا۔ ایس نگری دے لوک بہت برے نیں۔ اوہ تینوں قید کر لین گے تے جے تینوں کجھ ہو گیا تاں ساڈا کیہ بنے گا۔ طوطا ایہہ گل سن کے چپ کر کے بہہ جاندا اے۔ اوہ ٹاہلی تے بیٹھے ہوندے نیں تے جیہڑا وی مسافر ٹاہلی دے کولوں لنگھ دا اے۔ اوہ ایہو آکھدی اے۔

ٹاہلی میرے بچڑے لک ٹنوں ٹنوں

اک دن اک راہ گیر دھپ توں بچن لئی ٹاہلی تھلے بہہ جاندا اے۔ اوہدے کول روں ہوندا اے۔ طوطی روں ویکھ کے اوس نوں آکھدی اے۔

PENDIDIKAN MORAL PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI TATA TERTIB SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI INPRES BUMI BAHARI KECAMATAN PALU BARAT

An Efforts to improve the morality of learners are always conducted in education. Educational institutions are morally obligated to increase personality development of their students. SDN Inpres Bumi Bahari Kec. Palu Barat through the implementation of school rules, intends to form the character of learners. This circumstance is the basis of this research. This research based on descriptive qualitative methods. The Source of data obtained from principals, teachers, and Learners. This research used varieties methods such as observation, interviews, and documentations in data collecting process. Furthermore, data that has been netted, analyzed using data reduction techniques, data display, and data verification. The results of the study concluded that the application of school rules can shape the behavior of learners to be a good personality. The behavior of learners is directed towards moral learner. The process of character building of learners finds some barriers because learners have a different understanding of school rules order. In addition, many students have a strong influence of the habits they bring from their homes, so they are not familiar with the rules set by their school.

Genetic Divergence Estimation Through Agro-Morphological, Bio-Chemical and Molecular Markers in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop. In Pakistan, it is the third biggest source of edible oil. Every year Pakistan spends huge amount of its foreign reserves on import of edible oil and now Pakistan is the third largest importer of edible oilseeds in world after China and India. Our local production has decreased over the years and now our local edible oil production is only the 13% of our demand. To bridge the gap between supply and demand of edible oil in Pakistan, government has to focus on Sunflower crop. For increasing the sunflower production new and improved local sunflower hybrids should be developed. Information of Genetic diversity study is a prerequisite for designing any breeding program. In the first experiment genetic diversity among 109 sunflower lines was estimated at morphological, bio-chemical and molecular level. For morphological characterization 109 sunflower lines were evaluated during Spring-2015 and Spring-2016 at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad following Augmented Design. The studied genotypes showed significant amount of variation on the basis of results obtained by cluster analysis and Principal component analysis. SDS-PAGE technique was used to study the variability among the sunflower genotypes at bio-chemical level. Genetic variability at molecular level was studied using SSR markers. Morphological and molecular based characterization showed considerable amount of genetic variation among the studied sunflower genotypes, while these genotypes showed less than 3% dis-similarity through SDS-PAGE based bio-chemical genetic study. The second experiment was for the identification of heterotic groups among the studied material. Heterotic groups were identified by combing the morphological and molecular data sets as, combining different data sets has been found useful in increasing the resolution of experiment. Two major clusters one of CMS and maintainer lines and other of restorer lines were observed. Six sub-groups in each major cluster were observed and one best performing genotype from each subgroup was selected. In third experiment, 12 parents (6 CMS and 6 Restorer) selected from heterotic groups was crossed in LxT mating design during autumn, 2016 to develop crosses and study the efficacy of identified heterotic groups and gene action. 36 crosses developed along with their parents and checks were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at two locations (NARC and URF) during spring-2017. Three best performing hybrids (RHP-41 x CMS-HAP-56, RHP-71 x CMS-HAP- 111, RHP-71 x CMS-HAP-12) were found to be best for seed yield and oil contents over three check hybrids and four best combining parents i.e., CMS-HAP-12, CMS-HAP-56, RHP-41 and RHP-71 were also identified. Results of our study showed that heterotic grouping among sunflower could be developed and strengthened on the basis of morphological and SSR markers to pace up the hybrid development in Sunflower.