Water-limited conditions in early growth stages negatively affect germination and seedling growth, often leading to suboptimal plant population and poor stand establishment. Germination and seedling growth of ten local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in response to induced water stress conditions and supplemental foliar fertilisation with macronutrients (NPK) were investigated. In two laboratory experiments, the observed germination parameters and calculated stress indices were used as screening criteria for drought tolerance. In one glasshouse experiment, the dose and combinations of N, P, and K for foliar spray were optimised. Germination parameters viz. germination percentage, germination index, promptness index, and germination stress tolerance index declined in response to the increasing polyethylene glycol induced stress levels. Water stress conditions imposed by withholding irrigation at seedling stage reduced plant height stress tolerance index and dry matter stress tolerance index but increased root length stress tolerance index and root to shoot ratio. Based on the results of germination attributes and stress indices, Bhakkar-02 was the most drought tolerant genotype and Shafaq-06 was the most drought sensitive genotype among all tested genotypes. Supplemental foliar fertilisation of macronutrients (N, P, and K), alone or in different combinations improved the water relations, gas exchange characteristics and nutrient contents in both contrasting genotypes, Bhakkar-02 and Shafaq-06. Foliar spray NPK in combination was the most effective treatment in improving plant growth under both well- watered and water-deficit conditions. Subsequently, the best combination of foliar NPK was tested in wire house and field conditions to evaluate the most appropriate growth stage for supplemental fertilisation. In wire house experiment foliar application of NPK spray improved the water relations, gas exchange characteristics (i.e. through accumulation of soluble sugars), total free amino acid, and proline. The antioxidant activity was also improved with foliar NPK spray at anthesis stage. In field experiments foliar application of NPK in combination improved the number of grains per spikelet and 1000-grain weight, which ultimately increased the grain yield at anthesis stage in normally irrigated plants as well as under water stress conditions at anthesis stage in both wheat genotypes. The water shortage at anthesis stage decreased the yield and its components more severely as compared to tillering stage. The drought tolerant Bhakkar- 02 performed well under water stress. So, foliar application of NPK at anthesis stage under water stress conditions gave better results as compared to tillering stage
۱-ایمانیات اور عقائد کی پختگی کے بیان میں استفہامی اسلوب
نوع انسانی کی دنیوی اور اخروی نجات کا دارومدار توحید کے اثبات اور کفروشرک کی مکمل نفی پر ہے اللہ تعالیٰ اپنی ذاتی و صفات میں کامل و اکمل ہے"اللہ پر ایمان،اسکے رسولوں پر ایمان،اسکے فرشتوں پر ایمان، آخرت پر ایمان،تقدیر پر ایمان اور اسکی کتابوں پر ایمان" یہ سب ایمانیات کے ارکان ہیں ان میں سے کسی ایک کا منکر بھی اسلام کے دائرہ سے خارج ہے۔
"اور جب کہے گا اللہ اے عیسیٰ ابن مریم کیا تو نے کہا لوگوں کو کہ ٹھہرا لو مجھ کو اور میری ماں کو دو معبود سوائے اللہ کے کہا تو پاک ہے مجھ کو لائق نہیں کہ کہوں ایسی بات جس کا مجھے حق نہیں اگر میں نے یہ کہا ہوگا تو تجھے ضرور معلوم ہوگا تو جانتا ہے جو میرے دل میں ہے اور میں نہیں جانتا جو تیرے جی میں ہے بیشک تو چھپی باتوں کا جاننے والا ہے"۔
اس آیت میں اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ قیامت کے دن "کفار،نصاری" کو سنانے کے لیے "حضرت عیسیٰ علیہ السلام" سے فرمائیں گے اے عیسیٰ ابن مریم! جن لوگوں کا عقیدہ تثلیث تھا انکو کہا تھا کہ مجھکو یعنی "عیسیٰ علیہ السلام" کو اور میری ماں"حضرت مریم علیہا السلام" کو بھی علاوہ خدا معبود قرار دیدو تو...
يهدف هذا البحث إلى جمع الأحاديث الواردة في محبة الله عز وجل من الصحيحين، ودراستها واستنباط الأحكام والفوائد منها، وإثبات صفة المحبة لله تعالى، وأنه سبحانه يحب عباده، ويحبه عباده، وهو مذهب أهل السنة والجماعة. كما أن هذا البحث يبين ما يحبه الله من الأعمال والأقوال والأخلاق التي وردت بها سنة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقد أوردت فيه الأسباب الموجبة لمحبته سبحانه، وثمرات تلك المحبة. وخلص الباحث إلى أنَّ محبة الله جل وعلا واجبة، وأن لها آثاراً تترتب عليها، ومقتضيات يجب تحقيقها، وأن محبة الله للعبد لها علامات يستدل بها على ذلك.
Agricultural development has always been the main concern of development agencies throughout the world. The importance of extension service becomes vital especially for the developing countries including Pakistan where majority of labour force is employed in agriculture. An extension service is primarily responsible for the transfer of technology among the target users. It can perform its job effectively if the extension agents are professionally and technically competent. The Agricultural Extension System in Pakistan is under heavy criticism now-a-days for not performing its job effectively. Hence, there is dire need to identify the training needs of the extension personnel working at various levels to prepare a competent work force. Extension Agents must be proficient in a number of professional competencies that includes capabilities; Planning for Agriculture Extension Program, Use of Extension Methods, Communication/Presentation Skills, Supervision and Administration, Evaluation, Skills of Participatory Extension Techniques, Computer Skill/Knowledge, and Public Relation Techniques. Therefore the present study was designed to analyze, identify and prioritize the training needs of extension personnel working in Punjab, Pakistan. All the extension agents especially Agriculture Officers (AOs) constituted the population for this study. A sample size of 212 respondents was selected by using Fitz-Gibbon Table (1987). A simple random sampling technique was used for selection of respondents and face to face interaction technique was used to collect data for analysis. The data were analyzed statistically by using appropriate computer software “Statistical Package for Social Sciences”. It also presents the possessed and required levels of technical and professional competencies and the difference between required and possessed level were calculated through discrepancy value. On the basis of calculated discrepancy value the identified training needs were assessed and prioritized accordingly. The required training areas which receive high discrepancy values were “the computer skills/ knowledge” with DV=2.22, followed by “the communication and presentation skills” with DV=1.929, and followed by “technical competencies” with DV=1.927, which indicates that in these two categories the extension personnel needs training on priority basis for effective and efficient job performance.