Globally, lifestyle related health concerns are amongst the serious challenges to mankind. These disorders are attributed to sedentary living habits and poor dietary practices. In this context, diet based regimen is gaining importance to alleviate these issues. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is well recognized for imparting flavor to various dietary edibles. Alongside, it contains fair proportions of nutrients helpful in preventing several metabolic syndromes. Purposely, the present research was designed to elucidate nutritional and antioxidant potential of fenugreek leaves and seeds followed by their incorporation in bread formula. Moreover, hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic perspectives were also explored. Based on the current study outcomes, fenugreek leaves and seeds have appeared as rich sources of protein, fiber and minerals that offer immense opportunities for the development of various value added products to ensure improved nutritional value and health. The leaves and seeds powders were incorporated into wheat flour @ 5, 10 and 15% to made composite flour. Chemical and mineral analysis of composite flours explicated that supplementation enhanced protein and mineral content. The leaves and seeds flour showed potent antioxidant potential attributed to numerous nutraceutics. The improvement in rheological characteristics of flour like water absorption, dough development time and dough stability were also observed with the increment in supplementation levels. In product development phase, higher acceptability was noticed in bread containing fenugreek leaves powder up to 5% and seeds powder by 10%. The phytochemical analysis of the resultant bread revealed TPC as 198.00±9.10 & 341.00±16.02 mg GAE/100g and total flavonoids 2.47±0.08 & 2.68±0.10 mg CE/g, respectively for leaves & seeds powder. Likewise, antioxidant activity of the prepared bread in terms of DPPH scavenging activity was up to 37.00±1.59 & 49.00±2.20%, β-carotene & Linoleic acid assay as 31.00±1.42 & 40.00±1.88% and FRAP 201.00±9.24 & 401.00±18.44 μmol Fe2+/g, respectively. Furthermore, efficacy trials revealed that diets containing 5% leaves powder or 10% seeds powder were effective in ameliorating hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in rat models. In this connection, glucose reduction was up to 6.78 & 10.67% in hyperglycemic rats fed on leaves & seeds powder enriched diets as compared to control. Furthermore, insulin level decreased significantly in control group whilst, inclining trend was observed in groups fed on leaves and seeds enriched diets. Accordingly, elevation by 2.96 & 4.01% in insulin level of groups was observed in groups relying on leaves and seeds powder accordingly. In hypercholesterolemic rats, elevated level of cholesterol was markedly reduced as a function of fenugreek leaves and seeds powder i.e. 6.32 & 12.03%, respectively. Similarly, fenugreek leaves and seeds supplemented diets showed declining trend in LDL by 4.56-12.25 & 4.52-11.34%, respectively. It is therefore inferred that apart from flavor and fragrance, fenugreek leaves and seeds have a lot to offer in terms of health improvement. Conclusively, fenugreek based dietary approach is recommended for boosting health and suppressing metabolic ailments.
ریاضؔ حسین چودھری( ۱۹۴۱ء۔۲۰۱۷)کا اصل نام محمد ریاض حسین ہے۔ آپ محلہ خراساں مسلم بازار سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے ۔گورنمنٹ مرے کالج سے بی۔ا ے کیا۔ایل ایل بی اور ایم۔ اے اردو پنجاب یونیورسٹی سے کیا۔ آپ چھٹی کے طالب علم تھے جب آپ نے شعر و شاعری کا آغاز کیا۔(۱)شاعری میں ابتدائی رہنمائی آسی ضیائی رامپوری سے لی۔ آپ نے آغا صادق کے سامنے بھی زانوئے تلمذ طے کیے۔ ۱۹۵۹ء میں آپ نے بچوں کے لیے ایک نظم لکھی جو ماہنامہ ’’پھلواری‘‘ میں شائع ہوئی۔ ابتدا میں آپ نے نظم اور غزل میں شاعری کی لیکن نعتیہ شاعری ان کی پہچان ہے۔ ان کی پہلی نعت، ہفت روزہ ’’قندیل‘‘ لاہور میں شائع ہوئی۔ سید آفتاب احمد نقوی کی ترغیب پر ریاض حسین چودھری کا رجحان نعت کی طرف بڑھا پھر ایک وقت ایسا آیا کہ آپ نے اپنے آپ کو صرف نعت کے لیے وقف کر دیا ۔ بہترین نعت گو شاعر ہونے کی وجہ سے ۲۰۰۰ء میں آپ کو صدارتی ایوارڈ سے بھی نوازا گیا۔(۲) ریاضؔ حسین چودھری کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’خونِ رگِ جاں‘‘ ہے۔ جو ملی نظموں پر مشتمل ہے۔ جو ۱۹۷۰ء میں شائع ہوا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ زرِ معتبر ‘‘ نعتوں پر مشتمل ہے۔ یہ پہلی بار ۱۹۹۵ء میں اور دوسری بار۲۰۰۰ء میں شائع ہوا۔ یہ مجموعہ دو سو اٹھاسی صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔حفیظ تائب نے اس کتاب کی نعتیہ شاعری کا تنقیدی جائزہ لیا ہے۔ ریاض حسین چودھری نے ’’تحدیث نعمت‘‘ کے عنوان سے اس کتاب پر تعارفی مضمون لکھا ہے۔ اس مجموعے کا فلیپ احمد ندیم قاسمی نے لکھا ہے۔ جس میں زرِ معتبر کی نعتیہ شاعری پر تبصرہ کیا گیا ہے۔ تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ’’رزقِ ثنا‘‘ہے جو پہلی بار ۱۹۹۹ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اور دوسری بار ۲۰۰۰ء میں شائع...
ABSTRACT According to Islamic jurisprudence, power of attorney is a lawful provision. It is very much apparent in matters like marriage, divorce, sale and purchase transactions, trade partnerships, and criminal cases. In these situations, someone else other than the person concerned may be appointed as a representative or agent to act on behalf of the original person. There are some controversies among Muslim jurists surrounding the issue of the power of attorney or of representation. This article is devoted to discussing the various stands of the jurists and their arguments concerning the scope of attorney and agent in the above-mentioned legal areas
Polycrystalline samples of Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2-xNxCu3-yMyO10-δ (M=Ni, Co and Fe N=Mg, Be) superconductor have been synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The structure and physical properties were investigated by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), resistivity, ac-susceptibility and Fourier transforms infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray diffraction scans of Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3-yMyO10-δ (M = Ni, Co and Fe) samples show tetragonal structure following P4/mmm space group. The dominant phase in these structures is CuTl-1223 with a small inclusion of CuTl-1212 and CuTl-1234 phases. For these samples, there is no remarkable structural transformation (such as tetragonal to orthorhombic) with increased dopant concentration is observed. The system remains tetragonal for the highest critical doping level yc, above which the system is not superconducting. The critical doping levels yc achieved for the dopants are yc=1.5 for M=Ni, yc=0.5 for M=Co and yc=0.075 for M=Fe. The highest critical doping levels are observed for our system, particularly for Ni-doped system. It is observed that the size of the moments bears strong correlation with the critical doping level yc. The Fe-doped system, having a largest localized moment of the order of 5μB, acquires a lowest yc. On the other hand, the Ni-doped system with a smallest moment has a highest yc. Such a correlation represents an observation of interplay between a dopant moment and the suppression of high Tc superconductivity. It strongly suggests a magnetic pair-breaking mechanism. Tc suppression rate is high for Fe- or Co-doped system as compared to Ni- doped system. It is believed that such a large suppression of Tc in Fe- or Co-doped system may originate from oxygen disorder, breaking of Cooper pairs by magnetic impurities (having large magnetic moments) and decrease of carrier concentration in the CuO2 planes. Fe- or Co-doping causes a decrease in carrier concentration through charge transfer which is a consequence of introducing disorder into the CuO2 planes. On the other hand, Ni+2 has the same valence state as Cu+2, Ni substitution for Cu is not expected to effect the carrier concentration. The marginal suppression of Tc in Ni-doped system is may be caused by destruction of anti-ferromagnetism correlation as well as pair breaking effects due to scattering by magnetic impurities. With the partial substitution of Ca with Mg and Be in Ni-doped samples, the CuO2 planes become uniformly doped due to improved inter-planer coupling which results in the enhancement of Tc(R=0) as well as the magnitude of diamagnetism. Superconducting properties of these samples are further enhanced with Li doping at the charge reservoir layer. FTIR absorption measurements show that the phonon modes related to apical oxygen are softened to lower wave number values for Mg- or Be-doped samples confirming that inter-plane coupling have improved in these samples. From the FIC studies of Ni doped samples it is observed that at higher temperature the fluctuations in the order parameter of the carriers follow 2D AL behavior, whereas at lower temperature (closer to transition) their behavior is 3D AL. The cross-over temperature is relatively high in Ni free samples and with Ni doping it is shifted to lower temperature (about 40K). The coherence length calculated from the LD model is decreased with increased Ni doping. The decreased coherence length promotes enhancement of anisotropy of the final compound. Breaking down of anti-ferromagnetic order within the CuO2 planes does not seem to kill the superconductivity; superconductivity and ferromagnetism can co-exist. The effects of carrier concentration on the superconductivity of Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3-yMyO10-δ (M = Ni, Co and Fe) samples are explored by carrying out post-annealing experiments in nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) atmospheres. Superconductivity is suppressed after post-annealing in nitrogen atmosphere. The normal state resistivity of N2-annealed Ni-doped samples is doubled, but its variation with temperature remained metallic down to onset of the superconductivity. The post-annealing in nitrogen atmosphere seems to promote the loss of oxygen from the inter-grain and intra-grain sites; the former increases the ac-losses while the later decreases the magnitude of diamagnetism. On the other hand, the normal state resistivity has decreased after annealing in oxygen atmosphere; resistivity has become one half of the value observed in un-annealed Ni-doped samples. The post-annealing in oxygen has not only improved the inter-grain coupling, but also has remarkably enhanced the magnitude of diamagnetism within the grain. This is most likely accomplished by the oxygen diffusion at the inter-grain sites as well as within the grain.