Instant research was an attempt to address iron deficiency anemia using the concept of dietary fortification with the application of edible coatings. Purposely, Super Basmati rice grains were used as a carrier for fortification activity whereas pectin and methyl cellulose based coatings were developed followed by the addition of iron salts (FeSO4 @ 30 and 50 ppm & NaFeEDTA @ 20 and 40 ppm) and folic acid (1.5 ppm). From the results, selected grains had 7.56±0.06% protein whilst, iron and zinc levels in the tested sample were 0.91±0.03 & 1.42±0.02mg/100g, respectively. Afterwards, fortified coatings were applied on grains and assessed for fortificants stability, cooking/eating quality attributes, pasting behavior, color tonality and hedonic response during 3 months storage. The maximum level of iron was recorded in T2 (Pectin coating fortified with 50 ppm FeSO4) as 4.85±0.02mg/100g, however, T0 (Control) had the minimum iron contents 0.84±0.01mg/100g. Likewise, storage exhibited significant differences on folic acid level that differed from 127.35±6.96μg/100g at initiation to 102.25±5.85μg/100g at termination, respectively. Cooking and eating quality traits were momentously affected with storage; maximum values for amylose contents and alkali spreading factor were 25.01±0.70g/100g and 4.09±0.02, recorded for T2 (Pectin coated; 50 ppm FeSO4 + 1.5 ppm folic acid) and T4 (Pectin coated; 40 ppm NaFeEDTA + 1.5 ppm folic acid). Additionally, elongation, volume expansion and water absorption ratios were improved during storage. Alongside, pasting behavior differed significantly due to storage, the maximum value for peak viscosity was recorded in T1 (Pectin coated: 30 ppm FeSO4 + 1.5 ppm folic acid) 2461.00±79.77cP whilst, peak and final viscosities improved from 2351.90±41.34 and 4000.39±22.13cP to 2504.70±44.03 and 4191.77±23.19cP at 0 to 90 days, respectively. Besides, mean squares for L, a*, b* color depicted significant variations with respect to storage. On contrary, mean squares regarding hedonic response of fortified treatments depicted non-momentous variations with respect to treatments and storage. Based on the findings of abovementioned traits, selected treatments from each combination were shortlisted for efficacy trial involving female Sprague Dawley rats. The experimental rats model was further subdivided into 2 phases; Phase I involving normal female rats whereas, Phase II comprised of female rats previously made anemic by the provision of iron deficient diet. In normal female rats, serum iron and ferritin values were significantly affected by groups and study intervals. The maximum value for serum iron levels was observed in G1 (Pectin coated: 50 ppm FeSO4 + 1.5 ppm folic acid) and G3 (Methyl Cellulose coated: 50 ppm FeSO4 + 1.5 ppm folic acid) by 132.35±3.20 and 131.72±2.89μg/dL, respectively. Over the efficacy trail, serum iron and ferritin levels improved from 114.37±3.11 to 137.44±3.20μg/dL & 41.09±1.34 to 71.80±2.16ng/mL at 0 to 60 days, respectively. Additionally, G1 had the highest percent increase in serum iron (13.99%) as compared to G0 (Control). Furthermore, the maximum values for total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation fraction were 427.21±8.79μg/dL and 33.88±1.91% as observed in G0 and G1, respectively. Hematological assay depicted that the highest value for hemoglobin and RBC was 14.04±0.26g/dL and 7.96±0.02M/μL noticed in G1 and G4, respectively. In phase II, mean squares for serum iron, ferritin, TIBC and TrSF in anemic female rats showed momentous variations with respect to both experimental groups and study intervals. The highest serum iron level was observed in G1a by 100.58±1.86μg/dL while the least in G0a (Anemic control) as 83.05±1.59μg/dL. During the efficacy trail, serum iron levels considerably improved from 90.35±1.82μg/dL at initiation to 100.87±1.54μg/dL at the end of study. Likewise, increase in serum ferritin level was witnessed 21.18±0.84 to 56.91±1.68ng/mL at 0 to 60 days, respectively. The maximum values for increase in serum iron were 21.13% and 20.30% in G1a (pectin coated: 50 ppm FeSO4 + 1.5 ppm folic acid) and G3a (Methyl cellulose coated: 50 ppm FeSO4 + 1.5 ppm folic acid), respectively against anemic control (G0a). Besides, for TIBC and TrSF, the maximum values were 513.69±10.70μg/dL and 21.77±1.92% reported in G0a (Anemic control) and G1a. Conclusively, it is inferred that iron fortification of dietary cereal using edible coatings is an effective approach to attenuate the prevalence of hidden hunger with special reference to iron deficiency. Moreover, the findings of instant research can be instrumental for researchers and other stake holders to further probe the concern of iron deficiency anemia.
فیض احمد فیض(۱۹۱۱ء۔۱۹۸۴ء) کا اصل نام فیض احمد خان تھا۔ اور فیضؔتخلص تھا۔ آپ سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ کے والد خان بہادر سلطان خان ایک کامیاب بیرسٹر تھے۔ فیض نے ابتدائی تعلیم مولوی میر حسن اور مولوی ابراہیم میر سیالکوٹی سے حاصل کی۔۱۹۲۹ء میں فیض نے مرے کالج سیالکوٹ سے ایف ۔اے کا امتحان پاس کیا۔ ۱۹۳۶ء میں آپ نے انجمن ترقی پسند مصنفین کے قیام میں بھر پور حصہ لیا اور پنجاب شاخ کے صدر مقرر ہوئے۔۱۹۴۶ء میں برٹش کونسل نے انھیں ایم بی ای کا خطاب دیا۔ ۱۹۶۲ء میں ان کو دنیا کا اعلیٰ ترین اعزاز لینن ایوارڈ دیا گیا۔ (۵۶۶) فیض نے لاہور ،کراچی اور مختلف شہروں میں قیام کیا۔ لیکن انھیں اپنے آبائی گاؤں کالا قادر سے بے حد محبت تھی۔ جب نارووال سے کالا قادر تک پختہ سڑک بنی تو انھوں نے ۱۹۸۰ء میں بیروت سے ’’گاؤں کی سڑک‘‘ کے عنوان سے نظم لکھی۔ جب تک وہ زندہ رہے اپنے گاؤں میں اپنے عزیز و اقارب سے ملنے آتے رہے۔ اپنی وفات سے تین دن پہلے ۱۷ نومبر ۱۹۸۴ء میں فیض نے اپنی زندگی کا آخری مشاعرہ نارووال (سیالکوٹ) کے شعرا کے درمیان پڑھا۔اسی دن فیض نے نارووال میں ’’فیض اکیڈمی‘‘ کی بنیاد بھی رکھی۔ فیض کے انتقال کے بعد ان کے آبائی گاؤں کالا قادر کانام تبدیل کر کے فیض نگر رکھ دیا گیا۔ اس گاؤں میں اب ہر سال فیض میلہ بھی منعقد ہوتا ہے۔(۵۶۷)
۱۹۴۱ء میں فیض کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ’’نقش فریادی‘‘ شائع ہوا۔ جس نے اُس زمانے کی ادبی فضا میں ہلچل مچا دی۔ یہ مجموعہ جدید شاعری میں ایک منفرد آواز ہے۔ اس میں فیض کی پہلے دور کی غزلیں اور نظمیں شامل ہیں۔ ان نظموں اور غزلیات میں ایک مسحور کن اور رومانی کیفیت پائی جاتی ہے۔
دوسرا مجموعہ کلام ’’دست صبا‘‘ کے نام سے ۱۹۵۲ء میں شائع ہوا۔ اس...
The growing number of diabetes coupled with the harsh side effects of some synthetic drugs has led to the increasing search for alternative medicine which are relatively cheap with minimum side effects. Objective: To investigate the anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya and Psidiumguajava extracts separately and in combination, and the effect of treatment on hepato-renal performance. Methods: Papaya and guava leaves were macerated in 98% ethanol for extraction. Results: The result showed that ethanolic leaf extract of P. Guajava and C. Papaya significantly (P< 0.05) reduced blood glucose level, Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) as compared to diabetic control group. Serum activities of liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was slightly elevated that indicate hepatotoxic nature of plant extracts. The level of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin and HbA1C level were restored to normal range. A slight reduction in body weight (P>0.05) of treated groups was observed. Serum urea and creatinine concentration was restored to normal level in treated rats with regeneration of kidney function. Conclusions: The study concluded that individual and combined plant extract show anti-hyperglycemic effect but the combined remedy at this dose show hepatotoxicity
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have shown promise as cost-effective high-performance material for solar cells. Hole transport materials (HTMs) are currently the bottleneck for the realization of efficient cost-effective and stable devices. In this work, synthesis of novel hole-transporting materials based on spinel metal oxides (Co3O4, NiOx, Cu:NiOx, and NiCo2O4) with enhanced carrier mobility and conductivity using chemical precipitation method with high yields are presented. The focus of this research work is to investigate the effectiveness of spinel oxides as the hole transporting interlayer for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by various techniques including XRD, XAS, SEM and TEM to confirm the structure. Furthermore, the band-gap of the synthesized material was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and their valence band maximum (VBM) was determined by photo-electron spectroscopy in air (PESA). Valence band position of spinel oxides (Co3O4 = -5.3 eV, NiOx = -5.5 eV, and Cu:NiOx = -5.4 eV, NiCo2O4 = 5.5 eV) is quite close to valence band of perovskite (~ -5.4 eV). Thus, spinel oxides have a VBM compatible with perovskite, which can facilitate the efficient hole charge transfer. A thin layer of p-type in-organic spinel Co3O4, NiOx, Cu:NiOx and NiCo2O4 in PSCs provides a higher carrier mobility, better-energy level matching, and superior stability. Compared to standard PSC an improved efficiency of 11.65% with Co3O4, 12.79 % with Cu:NiOx, and 14.29 % with NiCo2O4 is achieved. Also, perovskite solar modules with spinel oxides layer is stable for more than 4500 hours in an ambient environment with PCE degradation of less than 5% of initial value. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) results reinforced the above outcomes by showing the decrease in recombination resistance (Rrec) of PSCs with spinel oxides interlayer. Finally, the fabrication of monolithic perovskite module is demonstrated, having an active area of 70 cm2 and showing a power conversion efficiency >11% with Co3O4 and 12.10 % with Cu:NiOx with virtually no hysteresis. This PCE is the highest ever reported efficiency as per our knowledge for such large area perovskite solar devices