أثر الروابط الاجتماعية في تحقيق الأخوة الإسلامية في عهد النبوة

This research addresses Islam's view of the social ties that man creates by virtue of his living among the people or in which he borns as its member, and aims to answer several questions about the relationship of these social ties with the Islamic brotherhood bond that Islam has brought. Does Islam recognize the social ties? On which basis does Islam recognize them and why? What is their position in front of Islamic brotherhood? How does Islam invest these ties to achieve religious, psychological and social security? Are there any conditions that Islam has developed to recognize and nurture these ties? The answer to these questions comes through the Qur’ānic texts, the prophetic Hadiths and the events of the Prophet's biography, based on open and direct reference, and away from the ambiguous interpretations or weak evidences; in order to clarify this matter clearly, and to check the validity of the results of the study.

Exploring Leadership Challenges in a Primary School for Under-Privileged Working Children in Karachi

Primary education, a basic human right, is universally recognized as being among the most critical life chances due to its functional importance. The situation of the country's basic or primary level education, as reflected in high levels of illiteracy and innumeracy, is a matter of great concern. In relation to it, Pakistan has not been able to actualize the much desired targets concerning an increase in primary level enrollment and decrease in drop out rates. Consequently, it is imperative to examine the alternatives to public education through the civil society; the ability of Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to bring about social transformation through grass root mobilization is undoubted. Certainly, many NGOs in the past and present contributed to work as a helping hand to the government in this noble cause. This study was also carried out in one of the schools of an NGO which particularly caters to a category of under-privileged working children. The study discloses that while working for a noble cause, the school leadership faces a number of administrative, academic and resource challenges during its move. However, at the same time, it strategizes its activities in such a way that the challenges are resolved to a great extent. The study also offers some recommendations to the school, the senior management and the school leadership who actually look after the day to day activities of the school. This report also includes the lessons learned from the study. The findings would be not only beneficial for the researcher, but for the educational world which has to give a major contribution to assist these under-privileged working children through researches in other related areas.