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On Mathematical Models Subject to Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions

Thesis Info

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Author

Hussain, Zakir.

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Mathemaics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9301/1/Zakir_Hussain_Maths_HSR_2018_QAU_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726798505

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Nanoliquids strengthen low thermal conductivity of materials. Nanoliquid consists of nano-material (1 − 100 nm) and base-liquid. Nanoliquids are regarded functional in engineering, electronic process and many other fields. Nanoparticles include CNTs (MWCNT, SWCNT), oxides and carbides ceramics and semiconductors. These nanoparticles are submerged in an ordinary fluid to make them nanofluids. Non-Newtonian fluids like Oldroyd-B, Powell Eyring, Williamson are regarded helpful in physiological phenomena, pharmaceutical process, paper production and metallurgy. That is why Oldroyd-B, Powell Eyring and Williamson fluids are adopted in this thesis for modeling and analysis of flows in boundary layer region. The boundary-layer flows due to stretching surface have wide range of applications in industries and engineering. Further it is also taken into account that heterogeneous-homogeneous reactions in liquid flow have vital role following combustion, biochemical processes, catalysis and in many other fields. Keeping all these aspects in mind the prime objective of this thesis is to study nonlinear mathematical models subject to homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The structure of this thesis is as follows. Chapter 1 contains literature survey and some basic conservation laws. Mathematical model and boundary-layer expressions for Oldroyd-B, second grade, Powell Eyring and Williamson fluids are incorporated. Five different techniques are used to deal with the flow problems. Thus basic concepts homotopy analysis method (HAM), Bvp4c matlab solver, Optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM), shooting technique and Keller box method are provided. Chapter 2 addresses the impact of diffusion species in flow of CNTs nanofluid saturating porous medium. Melting heat transfer is present. Auto catalyst and reactant have same diffusion coefficients. Flow induced by stretched cylinder. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) is adopted for solutions procedure. The outcomes for CNTs flow are disclosed. This chapter contents is reported in Journal of Molecular Liquids 221 (2016) 1121 − 1127. Chapter 3 deals diffusion species via CNTs with convective conditions. Flow generated is because of stretching cylinder. OHAM is adopted for outcomes. Graphical outcomes are discussed via variables for flow. The outcomes are reported in Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 70 (2017) 119 − 126. Chapter 4 reports computational aspects for Forhheimer flow of CNTs nanofluids with diffusion species. In this chapter thermal conductivity of CNTs nanofluid is compared via renovated Hamilton-Crosser (H-C) and Xue models for flows by stretching cylinder and flat sheet. The results are obtained via Keller box method. The findings of this chapter are submitted in Physica E for possible publication. Chapter 5 examines stagnation flow of carbon water and carbon kerosene oil nanofluids via nonlinear stretched surface. CNTs nanofluids fill the porous medium. Homogeneousheterogeneous reactions and melting effects are considered. Outcomes are obtained via (OHAM). Heat transferred is addressed via different variables involved in solutions expressions. The contents of this chapter are published in Advanced Powder Technology 27 (2017) 1677 − 1688. Chapter 6 presents 3D nanoliquid flow by stretched (nonlinear) sheet with diffusion species. Nanoliquid is saturated via porous space. Convective condition and heat source/sink are used for heat mechanism. The numerical outcomes are analyzed via shooting approach. Graphical illustrations and tabulated values are disclosed. The main findings of this chapter can be seen through Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 329 (2018) 40 – 54. Chapter 7 describes three-dimensional (3D) nanoliquid flow via slendering stretching (nonlinear) sheet with slip effects. bvp4c technique is used for numerical outcomes. Tabulated and graphical findings are explored via sundry variables. These contents are published in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 319 (2017) 366 − 378. Chapter 8 discloses flow of MHD non-Newtonian liquid via Newtonian heating and diffusion species. Results are developed via HAM. Numerical results of skin friction and Nusselt number are disclosed. The findings of current chapter are published in PloS one 11 (6) e0156955 (2016). Chapter 9 describes flow of MHD viscoelastic fluid with species. Flow is due to stretched cylinder. Viscous dissipation, Newtonian heating and Joule heating are also accounted. The results are constructed via HAM. Characteristics of different variables are elaborated graphically. The outcomes of this chapter are published in Journal of Mechanics 33 (2017) 77 − 86. Chapter 10 includes species influence in flow of second grade material. Melting heat contribution is inspected. Inclined magnetic line is used to electrified the liquid. Numerical results are addressed via heat transfer and skin friction. The contents are addressed in Journal of Molecular Liquids 215 (2016) 749 − 755. Chapter 11 investigates homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in thermally stratified stagnation flow of viscoelastic liquid with mixed convection. Flow is by a stretched sheet. Influences of various variables on quantities of interest are discussed. The findings of this chapter are published in Results in Physics 6 (2017) 1161 − 1167. Chapter 12 addresses convective flow of Williamson fluid by cylinder and flat sheet. Convective condition is used for heat transfer mechanism. The species of auto-catalyst and reactant are used to regulate the concentration. Convection or evaporation for temperature phase change is analyzed through homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The transformed ordinary differential equations are dealt numerically via Keller box method.Impacts of pertinent parameters of interest are graphically discussed. Comparison of results for cylinder and flat sheet is arranged. The contents of this chapter are submitted for possible publication in International Journal of Mechanical Sciences.
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اس قدر نقصان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

اس قدر نقصان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں
ہم تہی دامان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

یوں خطا اوسان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں
لوگ سب حیران ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

زندگی بے کیف ہوتی جا رہی ہے
درد بے درمان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

تیرے جانے سے لگا کچھ یوں کہ ہم
بے سر و سامان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

درد کی دولت اکٹھی کر رہے ہیں
ہم بھی تو سلطان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

کچھ نشانے پر ہیں اب صیاد کے
کچھ پسِ زندان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

جزبۂ احساس مرتا جا رہا ہے
شہر قبرستان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

جو تھے میری جان تائبؔ جی کبھی
اب وہ بارِ جان ہوتے جا رہے ہیں

Functional MRI Based Brain Mapping in Occipital Gyrus using Face Stimuli

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most powerful neuroimaging modalities due to its high spatio-temporal resolution characteristics. This known modality is applied on mapping the temporal, occipital, frontal cortices of the brain for localizing the neural activities generated due to any visual, physical or mental task or brain diseases or brain disorders. The occipital cortex is composed of middle, left, right, interior and exterior occipital gyrus and is responsible for visional function of human brain. The occipital gyrus reflects the neural image generated in the brain due to any visual activity. In this research paper, four different visual stimuli images of faces, scrambled, scenes and objects along with gap of blank space, forming a long sequence of stimuli observed by two female subjects, are experimented to examine and localize the most contrasting neural image generated in occipital gyrus of the brain. The visual fMRI brain data received from the two subjects is processed through fMRI-SPM12 toolbox based on Matlab software. In order to demonstrate the results statistically, two regressions such as T-contrast and F-contrast vectors are applied on fMRI images to highlight, and to localize the most active neural stimuli activities generated in the occipital gyrus of brain. In the results, it is demonstrated that maximum neural response can be mapped only for face stimulus in the bilateral occipital gyrus of the brain by applying T-contrast vectors regressions as when compared to other stimuli conditions and F-contrast vectors regressions. Further, it is also investigated that, the response of the face stimulus in F-contrast regressions achieved is somehow dispersed and unclear due to the large variances and interlinked communication of other stimuli or induced neural noises generated in entire volume of the brain.  Further from the given images, it is also investigated that the most reflecting and contrast area for any visual stimuli (such as face stimulus in this case) is either the middle or bilateral part of occipital gyrus of the human brain as identified through application of  T-contrast vectors regressions.

Analysis of Adults Perceptionrg a Ding a Wareness, Fitness & Trends of Physical Exerciseinour Society

Topic: Analysis of adults Perception regarding awareness, Fitness & Trends of Physical Exercise in our Society Pages: 101 Researcher: Muhammad Ayaz Supervisor: Professor Dr Abdur Rehman Subject Area: Physical Education University: Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan) Year: 2009 Degree: Ph.D in Education Physical exercise activities are paramount to maintain fitness and avert risks of diseases, illnesses, fatigue and other body problems by regularizing body functions and sustain over all well being. Before going for an exercise plan, awareness of physical activities and their role in chalking out fitness are inevitable to follow certain trend. A study was designed to assess the level of awareness regarding different exercise activities among four groups vis-à-vis doctors, lawyers, teachers and businessmen at Dera Ismail Khan district of Pakistan. Systematic sampling technique was implied from a well constructed sampling frame to select a total of 50 respondents from each group totaling 200. A survey strategy was used to administer questionnaire using five point Likert scale from surveyed population by face to face interaction. Results regarding perceptions of the awareness of exercise activities revealed that all the four groups are equal in their awareness of various activities (Jogging, sports, walking, swimming, morning activities, heath club activities, maintenance of health and nervous system stability) except participation in re-creative activities. The groups were also aware of the benefits of exercise that can make human look best. The level of awareness was not determined by Body Mass Index (low or high) or age (young, medium ivand old) of the respondents. With reference to understand perceptions about the role of fitness resulting physical exercise, results showed that majority of the respondents are aware that physical fitness can improve health (shedding extra weight and lower blood pressure and risk of health diseases), improve working efficiency (withstand fatigue and increase work capacity) and improve overall wellness (smart look and well being) of individual. Perception of trends regarding physical exercise was divided into five categories namely health oriented trends, self appearance trends, light exercise trends, moderate to hard exercise trends and non exercise trends. There exists a mix of following a specific exercise trend among sampled community. Significant differences were observed among groups in respect of perceptions denoting “playing games to safeguard/ avert health problems”, “force to engage in physical exercise due to shape in figure”, “playing games that do not involve physical exertion”, “play games that involve lots of physical exertion” and “control over diet to maintain fitness”. The findings also discussed probable reasons for opting for non-exercise trends. The research concluded with the notion that perception of awareness, fitness and trend will be helpful in designing persuasive strategies based on salient perceptions of the surveyed population for better follow up of exercise activities suitable to needs. The research also advanced recommendation and proposes suggestions for further research.