In this study, new graphical forms are introduced. These graphical forms are very useful for the statisticians as well as for the data analysts. A major goal of the study is the generalization of some graphical forms. This generalization increases the scope of the graph because generalized forms of the graphs are more useful. These graphs are presented in different colors which will attract the viewers. · A visualization of Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test is presented which is an objective approach. This graph shows clearly and easily the significant pairs due to which the hypothesis of the equality of the several means is rejected in ANOVA. The objective sense of visualization of this graphical form increases its importance. Its simplicity is an additional quality, due to which anyone can use it and can draw its conclusions. · A new graphical form “Framed Doughnut Charts” is presented which is the generalization of Multi-series Doughnut Charts. · A new generalized form of Multi-series Doughnut Charts “Arc-Pyramid Graphs” is proposed which has an aesthetic sense. · The traditional Component Bar Chart is also modified in Framed Component Bar Chart to enjoy the generalization. This proposed generalization is an objective method of visualization and is used for the comparison of multivariate data sets. · Boxes are multidimensional representation. Framed Boxes, the generalization of Boxes is also proposed which are used for the comparison of multivariate data. It is an easy and objective method of visualization. · Program for Visual LSD in Java is presented as Appendix A. · Program for Framed Doughnut Charts in Visual C++ is presented as Appendix B. · Program for Arc- pyramid Graphs in Visual C++ is presented as Appendix C. · Program for Framed Component Bar Chart coded in Java is presented as Appendix D. · Program for Framed Boxes coded in Visual C++ is presented as Appendix E. Hence concluded that the proposed new graphs present multivariate data sets successfully and compare them easily. These graphs are in generalized form and objective in nature.
سیدابوالاعلیٰ مودودیؒ ۲۵ ستمبر ۱۹۰۳ء کوحیدرآباد کے شہر اورنگ آباد ( محلی چپلی پورہ) میں پیداہوئے۔ آباؤاجداد کاوطن دہلی تھا ۔لیکن والد حیدرآباد دکن چلے آئے۔[[1]] آپ کاشجرہ نسب سلسلہ چشتیہ سے ملتا ہے۔ آپؒ ننھیال کی طرف سے ترکی الاصل ہیں ۔ددھیال کی طرف سے خواجہ قطب الدین مودودی چشتی کے نام سے منسوب ہوکر مودودی کہلائے ۔اس سلسلے سے ان کانام امام حسین ؓ تک جاپہنچتا ہے ۔آپؒ کی والدہ ماجدہ خواجہ ابومحمدچشتی کی ہمشیرہ اورخواجہ ابواحمد ابدال چشتیؒ کی دختر نیک اختر تھیں ۔[[2]]
مولانا مودودیؒ کے آباؤ اجداد نے نویں صدی میں ہجرت کی اورہندوستان آئے۔ پہلے پہل کرنال کے قریب قصبہ براس میں مقیم ہوئے ،یہ زمانہ سکندر لودھی کاتھا۔وہاں سے مغل بادشاہ شاہ عالم کے زمانے میں دہلی چلے گئے ۔ ان کےخاندان نے خاندان مغلوں کی خدمت کی اورخاص طورپر آخری مغل تاجدار بہادر شاہ ظفر کے دربارمیں بھی رسائی حاصل کی ۔ جنگ آزادی ۱۸۵۷ء کے نتیجہ کے طورپر سلطنت مغلیہ کے زوال کے ساتھ ہی مودودی کے خاندان کی حیثیت کوبھی شدید نقصان پہنچا۔[[3]]
مولانا مودودیؒ کے والدسید احمدحسن تھے جوپیشہ کے اعتبارسے وکیل تھے۔ چونکہ مذہبی گھرانے سے تعلق تھا اس لئے انھوں نے وکالت کاپیشہ ترک کردیا کہ یہ ان کے خیال میں جائز پیشہ نہ تھا ۔مولانا مودودی تیرہ برس کے تھے تووالد پرفالج کاحملہ ہوا اوروہ ۴سال بعد ۱۹۲۰ء میں وفات پاگئے ۔[[4]]
[[1]] اردو انسائیکلوپیڈیا ، فیروزسنز ،لاہور، ۱۸۹۴ء، ص ۹۶۰
Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition related to the development of the brain that can lead to persistent challenges with socialization, restricted interests, and repeated behaviour. Diagnosis for ASD is used as a basis of DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder) produced by American Psychiatric Association. ASD is observed in children during early years of life and significantly affects an individual’s wellbeing. Autism has remained a mystery for many specialists and researchers for years. Although the cause of autism is still unknown, a number of strategies have been developed that have helped so many people around the world to live independently. So far there are no authentic facts for ASD prevalence in Pakistan however the statistics is roughly calculated from South Asia that ASD might be as common in Pakistan as somewhere else around the world. In a country like Pakistan where Autism is still a new phenomenon especially in rural areas, we have very restricted qualified human resources to provide a reliable rehabilitation service for a child with ASD and their family. Apart from that due to inadequate awareness exposure, knowledge, and incompetency in diagnosis, these children go undiagnosed and are mishandled.
The present research work was conducted to evaluate the effect of phytase supplementation on growth and nutrient digestibility of the Catla catla fingerlings fed Moringa by-products based diets. The existence of phytic acid in plant by-products decreases the bioavailability of minerals and nutrients to fish, resulting in poor fish growth and low nutrient retention in the body. Moringa by-products such as Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM), M. oleifera seed meal (MOSM) and a mixture of MOLM+MOSM were used as test ingredients to formulate three experimental diets. Each experimental diet was further divided into six groups and were supplemented with graded levels (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 FTU kg-1) of phytase. Cr2O3 was incorporated in all diets at the rate of 1% as a non-digestible marker. The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 4% of live wet weight twice a day and faeces were collected from each tank. On the basis of results it was noted that phytase supplementation showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in growth indices (weight gain%, FCR, SGR), digestibility of nutrients (i.e. crude fat, crude protein and gross energy), mineral absorption, carcass composition and haematological parameters. Results showed that maximum absorption of minerals, nutrient digestibility, higher body contents (protein, fat and gross energy) and best haematological parameters of C. catla fingerlings were noted at 900 FTU kg-1 level of phytase supplemented M. oleifera by-products based test diets. It was further noted that phytase supplementation decreased the discharge of nutrients and minerals through faeces resulting in reduced aquatic pollution. On the basis of results it was concluded that phytase supplementation at 900 FTU kg-1 level was helpful to develop a cost-effective as well as eco-friendly fish feed by using Moringa by-products. Furthermore comparison of Moringa by-products suggested that phytase supplemented MOSM performed as a better alternative protein source for C. catla fingerlings than the other MOLM and MOLM+MOSM ingredients based diets.