The Dress Code for Muslim Women: A Linguistic Analysis of the Qurānic Verses and the Prophetic Traditions

It is not uncommon to find cases of Muslim women being harassed or bullied in many of the Muslim-minority countries because of their dress. These Islamophobic attacks, unfortunately, are not merely conducted by radicalised individuals; but the subjugation of the rights of Muslim women also comes from institutional bodies and governments. Secular nations, such as France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Switzerland, USA, UK, Canada, China, and Russia have either imposed restrictions on Muslim women regarding their dress code. They see veil as a non-acceptance of progressive or cumulative values which is unsurprisingly not welcomed by the Muslim community. In such environment, it is inevitable for the Muslims to understand what the Qur’ān and Sunnah really say about the dress code for Muslim women in order to explain what their religion really requires from them and to communicate it appropriately to the government officials, journalists, politicians, and other relevant stakeholders. It is also essential from the perspective of segregating cultural aspects from the religious aspects. Many of the commonly used words for the dressing of Muslim women are more rooted in culture than the religion. It is accordingly vital to understand what the Qur’ān and Sunnah really command about the women dressing and how it has been interpreted in various Islamic societies and cultures. This paper accordingly presents an analysis of all the relevant Qur’ānic verses and the prophetic traditions (from the 6 most renowned books of ahadith). The linguistic analysis employed in this paper results in the identification of items of dress that were worn by Muslim women to safeguard their modesty during the times of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The same principles are relevant for today’s age and time and the Muslims can use those guidelines to delineate cultural practices from the religious injunctions.

A Topology-Awareload Balancing Scheme in Data Center Networks

Datacenter networks are playing vital role to accommodate huge amount of data transmission such as in Giga/Tera bytes on multiple links. With this inevitable data transmission, some uncertainties like dynamic traffic behaviour, topology asymmetry and link failure, are major issues faced by Datacenter which result in poor performance. To handle such link failures in Datacenter network, load balancing scheme should be accurate especially path sensing and timely responses to mitigate the fallouts. Different solutions have been proposed to overcome these issues. Some of the proposed techniques are unaware about path conditions. They reroute at fixed data rate blindly. Others were capable for sensing the path condition but rerouting and adjusting the load balancing is very slow which degrade the performance. One of the good technqiue for solving the load balacing problem in Datacenter networks where multipath exits for higher data rate (parallel transmisson). That research required hardware changes, particularly for acqiuring accorate congestion feedback from end host and taking adaptiving decision for load balancing. Thus they can?t react timely to these uncertainties which results in reasonable performance degradation; especially in the worst situation to detect some issues like randomly packets drop as well as throughput of the channel. In this research, a solution has been proposed which focusses on two things (1) accurate timely acknowledgement of packet delivery, (2) Current load on each link. In our proposed work there is no need of hardware changes. We have achieved accurate response of acknowledgments of each packet delivery. This proposed scheme have been implemented using NS3 simulator. The results has been compared with the other existing solutions.