پروفیسرتلک چند محروم
افسوس ہے پروفیسر تلک چندمحروم بھی ستتر(۷۷) برس کی عمر میں گزشتہ مہینہ دہلی میں رہ گزاے عالمِ جاودانی ہوگئے۔ موصوف فارسی اور اردو دونوں زبانوں کے کہنہ مشق قادر الکلام اور بڑے پُر گوشاعر تھے، اُن کی فنی استعداد بھی بڑی پختہ اوراعلیٰ تھی۔انہیں غزل اور نظم دونوں پریکساں قدرت تھی، لیکن طبیعت کونظم سے زیادہ لگاؤ تھااور نظم بھی کسی ایک خاص صنف کی نہیں بلکہ ہر صنف اور ہر نوع کی۔رباعیات اورقطعات بھی کثرت سے لکھے ہیں۔نظم کے علاوہ نثر بھی شستہ ورواں اور چٹکیلی لکھتے تھے۔ پھر جتنے بڑے شاعر، ادیب اورمصنّف تھے اتنے ہی بڑے انسان بھی تھے،تقسیم کے وقت وطن سے بے وطن اور گھرسے بے گھر ہوئے اور کیسے کچھ مصائب برداشت کیے، لیکن کیامجال! انسانیت وشرافت کی پیشانی پرایک ہلکا سابل بھی پڑا ہو۔اُردو ادب کی تاریخ میں ہمیں یقین ہے پروفیسر محرومؔ کانام ہمیشہ یادگار رہے گا۔ [فروری ۱۹۶۶ء]
This study aims to determine the health and sanitary status of the Mamanwa indigenous people in selected areas in CARAGA Region. The respondents were the Mamanwa people who are residents of Cantugas, Mainit, Surigao del Norte community, and Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte community. The study used descriptive research design utilizing questionnaire and personal interview in gathering the data. The total population of the respondents is 69 and respondents from both communities were selected based on simple random design. The study used percentage and mode/majority criterion, weighted mean, and Kendal-tau correlation. The findings showed that in the extent of health and sanitation education which was divided into three factors: Factor 1 which is the regularity of adopting health and sanitation practices shows a mean rating described as always except for item 9. Factor 2 was about exposure to health and sanitation campaign and education show a mean rating of sometimes. Factor 3 is about awareness on health and sanitation show a mean rating of sometimes. On the economic status of Mamanwa people which was the (factor 1) economic status of Mamanwa parents, 75.4% of the Mamanwa parents send their children to school and 64.9% of Mamanwa parents’ allocated budget for clothing and other personal necessities. On social status of the location (factor 2), only 35.1% of the respondents said that they have proper waste disposal and segregation. The results showed that Mamanwa children regardless of sex and age were undernourished and there is a significant relationship between the regularity of adopting health and sanitation practices with hygiene on health care where it had an R-value of 0.47 and 0.35 respectively. Lastly, only economic factor on the social status of the location had a significant relationship on the health status of Mamanwa children in terms of BMI which had an R-value -0.20 and p-value 0.049.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become the integral part of our daily life activities. These WSNs can utilize the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band to communicate the sensed data. The ISM band has been already saturated due to overlaid deployment of WSNs and other wireless technologies such as WiFi etc. To solve this problem, WSNs have been powered up by cognitive radio (CR) capability and this rise to a new type of network called as cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs). In CRSNs, the unlicensed users can utilize the unlicensed as well as licensed band opportunistically. The licensed users are called the primary radio (PR) nodes where as the opportunistic unlicensed users are called as secondary or CRSN nodes. By using CR technique, CRSN nodes can utilize the spectrum holes opportunistically avoiding the interference with PR nodes. CRSNs can be deployed for number of purposes such as dynamic spectrum access to cognitive radio nodes, opportunistic channel access, overlaid deployments of multiple concurrent networks, and communication under different spectrum regulations. The potential applications of CRSNs include indoor sensing applications, multimedia applications, multi-class heterogeneous sensing applications, and real-time surveillance applications etc. All these applications require high bandwidth for communication along with avoiding CR-PR interference. In this regard, novel techniques are required which can provide large bandwidth to CRSN nodes to support their data requirements. Channel bonding (CB) is a technique to provide wide band channel by combining multiple contiguous channels. By using channel bonding (CB) technique, CRSN nodes attempt to find and combine contiguous channels to avail larger bandwidth. In this PhD thesis, we have made several contributions. Firstly, we have provided an extensive literature review of CB schemes, made meaningful classification of CB approaches and highlighted the applications of CB in various networks. Next, we have enhanced network simulator NS-2 and proposed a framework for simulating CRSNs in NS-2. Third, we have proposed an algorithm Primary Radio Activity aware Channel Bonding algorithm (PRACB) to perform channel bonding in CRSNs. We have implemented our proposed scheme PRACB in NS-2 and compared it with three schemes sample width algorithm (SWA), cognitive radio networks over white spaces (KNOWS) and AGILE. We then evaluated the performance of PRACB in different PR activity regimes. The simulation results show that our algorithm significantly avoids CR-PR harmful interference and CB in cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) provides greater bandwidth to CRSN nodes. Next, we have proposed two remaining idle time aware channel bonding schemes RITCB and RITCB-IP, which select channels for CRSN nodes based on remaining idle time. In the end, we have performed comparison analysis of our schemes and shown that intelligent channel selection effectively improves the delivery ratio of CRSN nodes. In addition, some future research directions have also been highlighted at the end of this thesis.