The major objective of the present study was to develop and test an integrated model of organizational cynicism in public sector organizations of Pakistan. Though theories in organizational behavior claim to cover the attitudinal and behavioral aspects of all employees, but there are a number of objections on these theories. For example, criticism on majority of studies is that they are developed in countries which form 30% of the population, mainly Europe and the North America. When the findings are applied to remaining 70% population of the world, the results can be problematic. Theorists like Hofstede(1980) and his followers claim that any explanation of theory without taking into consideration the cultural context can lead to fallacies rather than findings. The present study mainly attempted to analyze an important employee related attitude i.e. organizational cynicism in an under-researched country viz. Pakistan. The second key objective was to study the issue in public sector organizations. The debate that whether same theories are applicable in public and private sector organizations, has been part of literature for decades. The key reason for this debate is that since public and private sector organizations exist with different objectives, the organizational behavior in these organizations may not be the same. Theoretically, the study attempts to develop an integrated model of organizational cynicism. Over the last decade a significant amount of work has been done on the issue, but most of the models discuss limited aspects of organizational cynicism. This study attempts to develop an integrated model of organizational cynicism in Pakistan. The model with these constraints in mind tends to examine impact of demographics and some psychological factors on organizational cynicism. The second component of this model examines outcomes of organizational cynicism and its role as a mediating variable. A sample of public sector employees was selected for data collection. In Pakistan, public sector organizations employs a huge number of employees (around 3 million) in different 15 sectors. Keeping in view the volume of public sector organizations and employees, the study was restricted to civil servants working only in main government secretariats like Islamabad, Lahore, and Karachi. Data was collected from 948 respondents through a questionnaire . Results gave some novel findings specific to culture in Pakistan. Qualification is significantly associated with organizational cynicism while age gender has insignificant relationship. More education with lesser career prospects brings more frustration among employees thus older workers with higher qualification are having more cynicism. Among antecedents of organizational cynicism, negative relationship between perception of politics and organizational cynicism was quite unusual finding which was explained in public sector organizations cultural context of Pakistan where rewards, career development every thing is dependent more on individual’s ability to indulge in politics rather than job performance. On the other hand positive relationship between breach of psychological contract and organizational cynicism, while a negative relationship between job autonomy and organizational cynicism was found in the study. The mediating role of organizational cynicism also gives diverse findings. The results are explained in terms of the existing internal and external environment of public sector organizations in Pakistan. Generally the development of integrated model for organizational cynicism was supported well theoretically and statistically.
حضرت عبدالمطلب کی کفالت اعتراض نمبر ۶۴ کفار اسلام نہ قبول کرنے کا بہانہ بناتے تھے کہ وہ دین آباء پر قائم ہیں ۔ آبائی روایات کا علمبردار ہونے اور مذہبی صداقت کا مخالف ہونے کی وجہ سے آباو اجداد پر قرآن حکیم جو حملے کرتا ہے ، ممکن ہے ان حملوں کے پیچھے محمدﷺ کی وہ لا شعوری تلخی کار فرما ہوجو ان کے دل میں اس وجہ سے پیدا ہو گئی تھی کہ ان کے آباء نے بچپن میں انھیں بے یارومددگار چھوڑ دیا تھا‘‘( ضیا النبی۷ــ/۴۱۲) (۲)بعض حضرات کا کہنا ہے کہ بہت کچھ ہوتے ہوئے عبدالمطلب نے اپنے پوتے کو بے یارو مدد گار چھوڑ دیا تھا اور حضور ﷺ پر خرچ نہ کرتے تھے ۔(سیرت النبی اعلان نبوت سے پہلے ۔۲۸۸) ۳۔سر ولیم میور کہتا ہے کہ جب ’’آنحضرت(ﷺ) دادا کے جنازہ کے ہمراہ قبرستان حجر کو گئے تو لوگوں نے ان کو روتے دیکھا۔‘‘ ۴۔مارگولیس کو دادا (عبدالمطلب) اپنے پوتے (محمدﷺ) پر مہربان نظر نہیں آتا ۔(سیرت النبی ) جواب:’’واٹ‘‘ جانتا ہے کہ آپ ﷺکے والد کا انتقال آپ ﷺکی پیدائش سے چند ہفتے پہلے ہو گیا تھا۔ دادا جان نے نہایت ذمہ داری سے آپ کی نگہداشت کی، مرتے دم تک کسی کمی کا احساس تک نہ ہونے دیا۔ ان کی وفات کے بعد آپﷺ کے چچا ابو طالب نے کفالت کی ذمہ داری سنبھالی اور کفار کی دشمنی حد سے بڑھی توپہاڑ جیسی مخالفت کا مردانہ وار مقابلہ کیااور آپ کا ساتھ کسی موڑ پر بھی نہ چھوڑا۔ یہی وہ چچا ہیں جس نے نکاح کا خطبہ پڑھا،مقاطعہ قریش میں اڑھائی سال تک مصائب کے طوفان کا مقابلہ کیااور اپنے بھتیجے کی طرف ہر آنے والے دکھ کو دور کرنے کی بھرپور کوشش کی۔ آپ کا چچا زبیر ؓانھیں گود میں لیے لوریاں دیتا نظر آتا ہے۔ آپﷺ کو...
The aim of Hijrah is not to run away from problem that occurred in the process of giving da'wah, but rather to establish the resolve in solving the problem. Hijrah as a movement carried out by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his companions from Makkah to Madinah, aimed to keep, maintain and uphold the message of Allah, in the form of Islamic aqeedah and shari’a, in order to achieve the mercy and pleasure of Allah SWT. This move, as we can see in the seerah, later brought a great impact to the success of the Islamic da’wah which was increasingly evolving. Hence the fundamental problem that has led to the migration has been solved. In fact, the Hijrah brought a significant impact not just to the Islamic world but also to world civilisation. The story and background of the migration of Rasulullah (PBUH) from Makkah to Madinah is touched in this writing to show that there were a lot of lessons and guidance that can be inferred. It did not merely signify a final destination for Makkah Muslims, but was also the beginning of a continuous effort to establish a strong and resilient ummah. The event of Hijrah in fact had changed the world after that forever. It highlighted the perseverance of the Rasulullah (PBUH) and the early Muslims through the difficult times. Hijrah demonstrates that for people with faith, there is hope for ease after difficulties. There was also a great unity model among Muslims of different backgrounds. The Hijrah had also marked the beginning of the Islamic State under the leadership of Rasulullah (PBUH) which then became a reference for all state governance everywhere in the future
The thesis entitled “Research Study of Commentary Points in the Sermons of Molana Qari Muhammad Tayyab Qasmi (Volume 6)”
First chapter is consisted of the life events of Molana Tayyab Qasami. Furthermore it also consists of the style and method in tafsir and its aspects.
Second chapter relates to worship and its different aspects and how Molana Tayyab Qasami relates them with man. Also prayer, which is the basic most important part of worship, is discussed in detail as well as the impacts of this on a believer’s life. The Objectives of Sharia are also discussed in this chapter.
Third chapter relates to “Tafsir of Surah Mulk.” The power of ALLAH Almighty, His Kingdom, His powers, being A Lord of every creature is defined in the light of Surah Mulk. Also how one is urged and invited to look into ALLAH Almighty and His powers. The Day of Judgement and the matters related to this, being defined in Sharia are also taken into discussion.
Fourth and last chapter is consisted of “Tafsir of Surah Qalam”. This includes the high moral values of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and reply to opponents in this regard. Furthermore the character of un believers and the warnings being given to them in this regard is discussed.