Labeo rohita (Rohu) is one of the commercially important carp of south Asia due to its consumer’s preference. It is being traditionally cultured extensively and semi-intensively under poly and composite culture systems. Efforts are always required to introduce it in intensive culture system to achieve highest productivity. The byproducts of plant sources such as cotton seed meal, sunflower meal and corn gluten have great potential to replace expensive fish meal. The presence of antinutritional factors in these by- products chelates with nutrients which ultimately make them unavailable to the agastric and monogastric animals like fishes. The availability of nutrients of byproducts can be increased by acidification and supplementation with microbial enzymes. This present project was planned with the objective to replace the fish meal by sunflower meal in the diets of Labeo rohita. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing different levels of fish meal and sunflower meal percentage were prepared. These diets were further supplemented with three levels of microbial phytase and citric acid each in 4×3×3 factorial experiment. This experiment was conducted in Fish Nutrition Laboratory and diets were fed to L. rohita till satiation. The samples of diets, feces and whole body were processed for various minerals and proximate analyses. Fish growth parameters such as weight gain, FCR, FCE, SGR and digestibility of nutrients were determined and compared statistically to reach to certain conclusions. The partial replacement of fish meal by sunflower meal negatively affected the growth of fish (weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate). The supplementation of 1000 FTU/kg phytase and 3% citric acid in diets significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) the growth parameters (weight gain, FCR, specific growth rate), apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, gross energy and minerals (Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, P). The significant improvement was observed in the dry matter, protein, fat, energy and ash contents of whole body of L. rohita. The interaction of citric acid and phytase significantly (p<0.05) affected the body composition of rohu. The cost benefit analysis revealed that 13 % fish meal based diet was economically feasible and the farmers could overcome the financial challenges by lowering the feed cost and it will also contribute in the sustainability of aquaculture.
بعض اوقات استفہام اقرار کے معنی میں استعمال ہوا ہے ۔ مقصد غور و تدبر کے بعد مخاطب کو اقرار واعتراف پر آمادہ کرنا ہے۔ قرآنی ادب میں اسلوب کے بڑے عمدہ طریقے سےاستعمال کیا گیا ہے ۔ جیسے :
"کیاوہ بعض احکام پر ایمان رکھتے ہو اور بعض کے ساتھ کفر کرتے ہو (١) تم میں سے جو بھی ایسا کرے، اس کی سزا اس کے سوا کیا ہو کہ دنیا میں رسوائی) اس آیت میں اللہ تعالیٰ بنی اسرائیل سے ان کا یہ جرم باور کرانا چاہتاہے کہ تمہاری ازل سے یہ کوشش رہی ہے کہ تم کتاب کے اس حصے پر ایمان لاتے ہو جو تمہاری خواہشات کےمطابق ہو اور جو تمہاری ہوائےنفس کی تکمیل میں رکاوٹ بنے اس کا انکار کر دیتے ہو کیا تمہارے یہ رویہ نہیں رہا ہے" ۔
This study sheds light on the life of an important figure that has had a great impact on humanity throughout history and that is the personality of Prophet Yūsuf Al-Siddīq “Joseph the Truthful”، peace and blessings of God be upon him. Since sources cited different narratives revolving around the events in the Prophet’s life، the researchers aimed to explore such events in the archived sources pertaining to his life. The inductive comparative method was used to conduct this thorough study of Prophet Joseph’s biography. Having defined the meaning of the name of the Prophet Yūsuf Al-Siddīq “Joseph the Truthful”، the names of the Prophet’s ancestors were traced and explored based upon a documented proof of his genealogical ancestry. The study also sheds light on the Prophet’s homeland where he was born and raised. The study also explores the qualities of beauty that God bestowed on Prophet Joseph. Moreover، the study also discusses the Prophet’s morals، ethics and disposition. The study concludes with an investigation into the marriage of Prophet Joseph، peace be upon him.
National Health Information Exchange (NHIX) is a rapidly evolving cyber-infrastructure technology. The concept enables the sharing of electronic healthcare-related data within a geographic region. Information can be exchanged between autonomous healthcare related entities such as physicians, hospitals, test laboratories, insurers, emerging Health Information Organizations (HIO). Non-healthcare organizations can also become privy to such information, including governments and non-governmental authorities. During a human being’s lifetime, a person may visit numerous doctors, hospitals, and medical facilities. From birth through adulthood, the information trail from these visits can be useful both to the individual and in the aggregate. If the information from each visits can be collected and made easily available and organized, it can be used to improve the quality of healthcare. In fact, data organized properly can be lifesaving. Many duplicate tests can be avoided. Doctors may make more informed medical decisions and prescribe more accurate treatments with better information. The right data in the right context can allow an individual to better monitor their own health. A good nationwide medical information system can go above and beyond what is commonly termed “big data” information derived from a long term database containing a large number of individuals can be used for better capacity planning, minimizing the overall cost of healthcare for an entire country. It can be a treasure trove of data for analysis and discovery of disease trends and treatments. An infrastructure to contain and manage medical information is therefore vital for the well-being of any country in the twenty-first century. Unfortunately, much of the world still utilizes nineteenth century medical documentation practices. Personal medical information is often poorly recorded and eventually lost due to a lack of appropriate information technology. We propose a national initiative to produce a cyber-infrastructure for the secure and private exchange of healthcare information (hospital records, MRI images, medical history, insurance information, pathological reports, etc.) among the nations healthcare industry stakeholders, and also throughout the world (with all individual rights, privacy rules and regulations in proper standard formats of medical documents). The goal of this research is to explore a National Health Information Exchange (NHIX) for Pakistan and for developing countries in general. However, due to the enormity of this problem, we in particular propose to demonstrate a concept application, Medical Drop Box (MDB) with the key technological components of a future NHIX. With MDB, a person will be able to collect his/her healthcare data and share it with doctors in a seamless way, in conformance with a regulatory Imran Khan: 62-FBAS/PHDCS/F10 Page vi of 121 framework. In addition to providing the basic infrastructure for handling numerous types of health care data, the main challenge of NHIX is to allow individuals and associated parties to manage and share their medical information while maintaining personal control and preferences afforded to citizens by medical laws, information rights and privacy rules. The development of a comprehensive National Health Information Exchange (NHIX) is paramount. The research propose such a framework for Pakistan that will allow all medical entities (hospital, insurance, employers, doctors, labs, individual themselves, emergency rooms, and perhaps future home monitoring systems) to be involved in treating a person during their lifetime and to exchange information efficiently without violating the individual’s privacy concerns. This will dramatically improve the healthcare rights of every citizen of Pakistan.