India’s Partition was an event of momentous significance for the three major communities, the Hindus, Muslims and the Sikhs who were at the time residing in the subcontinent. It was an equally important phenomenon for the British who were to withdraw their rule and thereby signify an imperial retreat from India. Independence was announced on the 15th of August 1947 after which the two sovereign States of India and Pakistan emerged on the map of the world. The Muslims of the subcontinent had gained a separate homeland and the struggle for freedom by the Indians in general had reached fruition. Partition as a landmark and a milestone was achieved. The manner it actually came about and the numerous stages that its making and implementation went through, is mainly the subject of this study. Lord Mountbatten’s role in the capacity of the last Viceroy of United India gets the major part of attention as he was not only the Crown representative in India, but also the man on the ground taking major decisions. His relationship with other political leaders and his handling of the situation was crucial in the communally tense and volatile Indian situation. The planning for partition and more so its implementation required a meticulous and impartial approach. It was a highly sensitive matter where communities were turning into nationalities and an imperial power was foregoing its control of almost a century. The decisions regarding schedules and time frame, division of assets, handling of Princely States, the issue of Governor-Generalship and choice of personalities to manage the various departments had to be taken carefully. It was a British responsibility, India still being a subject state. The task, however, was not delivered in the spirit of an unbiased arbitral approach with much left to be desired. The result was a hasty and flawed partition and its repercussions so strong that they still hang visibly on the region’s horizon, determining and defining the nature and character of the relationship between the two major of States of South Asia, India and Pakistan.
حب الوطنی نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’حب الوطنی ‘‘ صدرِذی وقار! جہاں تک حب اور محبت کا تعلق ہے تو کائنات رنگ و بو میں جتنا ذکر محبت کا ہوتا ہے شاید کوئی اور اصطلاح اتنی استعمال نہ ہوتی ہو ،کبھی کوئی اولاد سے محبت کا ذکر کرتا ہے۔ کبھی خوشبو سے محبت کا ذکر کیا جاتا ہے، کبھی دوستوں سے محبت کی پتنگیں بڑھائی جاتی ہیں،کبھی جائیداد سے محبت کا ذکر خیر ہوتا ہے بلکہ جائیداد کی محبت میں تو کشت و خون کا سلسلہ بھی روا رکھا جا تا ہے، سیم وزر سے محبت کی جاتی ہے۔ سونے چاندی کے اضانے میں اپنی تمام توانائیاں صرف کی جاتی ہیں، کوئی اولاد سے محبت کرتا ہے، کوئی مال سے محبت کرتا ہے، کوئی جان سے محبت کرتا ہے، اور وہ شخص کتنا خوش نصیب ہے جس کو اللہ اور اس کے رسولؐسے محبت ہوتی ہے۔ معزز سامعین! بحیثیت مسلمان ہماری حقیقی محبت کا تقاضا یہی ہے کہ ہماری محبت کے جملہ پہلو سرورِ کائنات کی ذات با برکات کے لیے ہوں۔ اور آپؐ کے ساتھ محبت اس بات کی بھی متقاضی ہے کہ آپ کے ہر قول وفعل کو من وعن تسلیم کیا جائے اور پھر ہر زاویے سے اس پر عمل کرنے کی کوشش کی جائے ، اس میں ہماری دنیوی و اُخروی کامیابی ہے۔ سرکارِ دو عالمؐ کا ارشاد گرامی قدر ہے کہ حب الوطن من الایمان کہ وطن سے محبت ایمان سے ہے۔ صدرِذی وقار! وطن کی محبت ایمان سے ہے اس کا اگر بنظر عمیق جائزہ لیں تو اسلام کے جملہ احکام بالخصوص اسی محبت کی تکمیل کے خواہاں ہیں۔...
This study addresses the issue of interpersonal communication patterns in establishing a harmonious family. Communication is emphasized in the holy Qur'an as a crucial aspect of human life, particularly for Muslims. Poor communication is one of the factors that can lead to marital disharmony or discomfort within the family. Therefore, effective communication is essential for a healthy family life. To achieve a harmonious and content family, it is essential to understand the patterns of interpersonal communication within the family. This will lead to a peaceful and comfortable environment for all members. The authors aim to discuss effective communication techniques, both in general and within a religious context, to establish a happy family. The research focuses on examining theories related to positive communication patterns within the family. The methodology employed for this research is library research. A balanced communication pattern is essential for forming a harmonious family. Additionally, precise subject-specific vocabulary should be used when it conveys the meaning more precisely than a similar non-technical term. This involves open communication where each member has an equal opportunity to express their opinions about family life. It is important to avoid any biased or emotional language and to use clear, objective, and value-neutral language. The text is grammatically correct and follows conventional academic structure and formatting. No changes in content have been made.
The work undertaken in the dissertation is of pioneering nature integrating world databases to accrue knowledge about economies and enterprises around the globe. It is an endeavor to demonstrate the adequacy of applying data mining techniques in global databases concealing heaps of knowledge about enterprises engaged in manufacturing and exporting in the global context. A cohesive and coherent exploration of databases from repositories of World Bank, GEM, WEF and IFC’s Enterprise Survey elucidates the patterns of internationalization of enterprises through manufacturing exports in developed and developing economies. We have followed inductive reasoning methodology using symbiosis of statistical modeling and data mining coupled with extensive data visualizations. The exploratory research has asserted the fitness of manufacturing exports as the core engine for economic health of a country. Both Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests affirm that manufacturing export share level is not independent of economy type and, developed economy block shares 77% of world manufacturing exports matching to their share in world GDP. Manufacturing exports per capita for world five economies ranks them exactly analogous to their income-group ranks. The predictive MLR modeling reveals a positive relationship between GDP and manufacturing exports for LMC and UMC economies. LMC economy countries have the prospects of 14% increase in GDP share by unit increase in manufacturing export share. The findings from the global databases regarding economies and enterprises in these economies are in unison. The enterprises of the developing economies (LIC, LMC and UMC) have more inclination towards manufacturing than economies and enterprises of developed (NOC, OEC) block. However, the enterprises of developed economy block lead by a significant margin in terms of exporting and manufacturing exports. The enterprises of LIC economy block portrays an exorbitant despondency in all spheres of activities ranging from manufacturing to exporting with pathetic state of entrepreneurial climate culminating in extreme level of poverty. Enterprises in Pakistan portray a posture identical to other countries of LMC economy. K-means and HCA clustering identify LFE (Large, Foreign and Exporter) enterprises in Pakistan to form one group and align their practices benefiting from information and communication technologies (ICT) to boost and spearhead the internationalization through exports. Both statistical and data mining methodologies work in unison to identify characteristics of a Pakistani SME to be exportable. Registration with original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a significant key determinant for an enterprise to acquire the exporting status.