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Home > Pathological Effects of Natural and Experimental Lead Pb Toxicity in Lohi Sheep at Jhang, Pakistan

Pathological Effects of Natural and Experimental Lead Pb Toxicity in Lohi Sheep at Jhang, Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Sajid, Dr. Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Pathology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13162/1/Muhammad_Sajid_HSR_2017_Pathology_UVAS_10.11.2017.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726845491

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Heavy metal toxicity is increasing due to increasing trends of urbanization and industrialization. Lead poisoning has been recognized as a major public health risk, particularly in developing countries. It is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic for animals and human. Sewerage water, fertilizers, leaded-gasoline and lead based batteries are the sources of lead contamination in soil and forage. The lead particles are taken up by animals from contaminated forages and excreted in animal products like milk and meat. The presence of Pb in drinking water, waste water, plant products and animal products has been studied which is a serious risk for animal and public health. The legislations for the disposal of household wastes and industrial effluents are very poor in Pakistan. The calculation of safe Pb levels in different products is still to be needed. Pathological effects of higher Pb levels have not been studied in Pakistan. The present study was aimed to unveil the toxic effects at constant dose of Pb over a period of three months in a local sheep breed of Pakistan. The status of Pb toxicity was also investigated in a polluted area around sewage drain and mutton slaughter house at District Jhang, Pakistan. The Pb concentration in soil, forage and irrigating water was found to be below the permissible limits and was safe for agriculture but long-term ingestion of low Pb concentration may have cumulative effect. The serum Pb concentration was found to be above the recommended safe limits for producing Pb toxicity in animals. The different tissues like kidney, liver and skeletal muscles also contained higher Pb level from the permissible limits and found to be unsafe for public use. Kidney showed the highest Pb concentration and the muscle contained the least Pb level in the present study. The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume showed inverse correlation with Pb concentration and mean values were below the normal range in Pb treated sheep but anemia was not developed. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was also influenced by given dose of lead acetate during third month of treatment. The white blood cells also revealed no effect on given dose of lead acetate in Lohi sheep in this study. The biochemical parameters of field and treatment group showed higher concentration as compared to control group of Lohi sheep but their means were falling within the normal range of reference values. The disturbed biochemical parameters in apparently healthy sheep with higher serum Pb concentration were indicative for liver and kidney damage. Lohi sheep exhibited less effect on given dose of lead acetate during first two months but more pronounced changes of chronic Pb toxicity were observed during last month of trial. The histological changes were not observed on early period in lead acetated treated sheep. The characteristic histological changes were observed on last slaughtering at day 90 in kidney and liver including degeneration and focal areas of necrosis, dilatation of blood vessels with accumulation of red blood cells and fibrosis in some areas. The nuclear changes were more typical with intranuclear inclusion bodies in renal tubular epithelial cells but less distinguishable in hepatocytes. It was concluded that soil, forage and water contained low Pb levels in the study area. The ingestion of low Pb level for longer period had cumulative effect in animals. The animals might be resistant to low Pb level but their products are a severe risk for public health. So the necessary measures should be adopted to minimize the heavy metal contamination in animal products.
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ڈ اکٹر خورشید احمد فارق

ڈاکٹر خورشید احمد فارق
(مختارالدین احمد)
دو شنبہ، ۱۸؍ شعبان المعظم ۱۴۲۲؁ھ مطابق ۵؍ نومبر ۲۰۰۱؁ء کی صبح کو عربی زبان و ادب کے استاد، تاریخ اسلام کے ماہر اور ممتاز مصنف ڈاکٹر خورشید احمد فارق کوئی ۸۵ سال کی عمر میں طویل علالت کے بعد دہلی میں وفات پاگئے۔
وہ ۱۹۱۶؁ء میں بریلی میں پیدا ہوئے۔ فارسی و عربی کی متد اول کتابیں انھوں نے گھر پر اپنے والد ماجد سے پڑھیں۔ کالج کی تعلیم انھوں نے بریلی میں حاصل کی۔ ایم۔اے اور پی۔ایچ۔ڈی انھوں نے مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ سے کیا۔ ریسرچ کے دوران وہ شعبہ عربی میں کچھ کلاسیں بھی لیتے رہے۔ ۱۹۴۳؁ء کے اواخر میں وہ اینگلو عربک کالج دہلی میں لکچرر، ۱۹۵۳؁ء کے اواخر میں دہلی یونیورسٹی میں ریڈر مقرر ہوئے۔ اکتوبر ۱۹۵۶؁ء میں حکومت ہند کے ایک وظیفے پر ایک سال کے لیے وہ مصر گئے۔ وہاں دارلکتب المصریہ کے مخطوطات کے مطالعے کا انہیں اچھا موقع ملا۔ ریاض الرحمن خاں صاحب شروانی اور عبدالحلیم ندوی صاحب کو بھی اسی سال یہ وظیفہ ملا تھا۔ قاہرہ میں ان تینوں کا خوب ساتھ رہا۔ فروری ۱۹۶۹؁ء میں وہ دہلی یونیورسٹی میں پروفیسر اور صدر شعبہ مقرر ہوئے۔ جولائی ۱۹۸۵؁ء میں وہ متقاعد ہو کر علی گڑھ آگئے اور سر سید نگر میں اپنے تعمیر کردہ مکان ’’بانس کلی‘‘ میں مقیم ہوکر علمی و ادبی کاموں میں مصروف ہوگئے۔ آخر عمر میں وہ اپنے بچوں کے پاس دہلی چلے گئے تھے، وہیں ان کی وفات ہوئی۔ جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ کے قبرستان میں ان کی تدفین عمل میں آئی۔
ڈاکٹر فارق نے اردو، انگریزی اور عربی میں عربی اور تاریخ اسلام کے موضوعات پر متعدد کتابیں لکھیں اور کثرت سے مضامین سپرد قلم کیے جو زیادہ تر رسالہ ’’برہان‘‘ دہلی میں شائع ہوئے۔ ان کی تصانیف حسب ذیل ہیں:
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