Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar and frequency diverse array (FDA) radar have gained significant attention from researchers community due to their numerous advantages over the phased-array radars. The distinguishing features of MIMO radar and FDA radar are waveform diversity and frequency diversity, respectively, while their phased-array counterpart lacks any such diversity. The hybridization form of MIMO and phased-array radars, called phased-MIMO radar, has also attracted the researchers attention due to its capability of combining the benefits of both. In this dissertation, phased-MIMO radar with closely spaced antennas and FDA radar with small inter-antenna frequency offset have been studied. To analyse the performance of radar, ambiguity function has proved to be a useful foundation. We have formulated ambiguity functions of phased- MIMO and FDA radars and derived their important mathematical properties. We have shown that FDA radar can promise better range resolution as compared to that of phased-array radar. For FDA we have proposed two novel schemes of inter-antenna frequency offset. Firstly, it is the time-dependent frequency offset as compared to the constant offset in the existing FDA. With the proposed idea a range-dependent beampattern can be synthesized with the maximum constantly illuminating the given target location. This is in contrast to the time-modulated beampattern with constant frequency offset. Secondly, we have proposed non-uniform (logarithmically increasing) frequency offset as compared to the uniform offset in the existing FDA. The proposed frequency offset promises a beampattern with a maximum only at the given target location. On the contrary, beampattern of FDA with uniform frequency offset exhibits multiple maxima in the visible range. The proposed schemes can provide a strong foundation for the development of modern radars capable of scanning the space more intelligently. We have investigated the proposed schemes only for linear array but they can be extended to planar arrays to scan the space in three dimensions.
بیاضِ دل سے بلاشبہ شاعری مجھے وراثت میں ملی ہے ۔ میرے والد مرحوم مغفو ر (عمر بخش) نوحہ اور مرثیہ کے شاعر تھے۔ گویا میں نے شعر اور شاعری کی آغوش میں آنکھ کھولی۔ جیسے جیسے وقت گزرتا گیا میرا ذوق و شوق پختہ ہوتا چلا گیا۔ میں نے آٹھویں جماعت میں ۱۹۸۲ء میں فاضلکا اسلامیہ ہائی سکول پاک پتن میں داخلہ لیا تو ہمارے اس سکول میں ادبی سرگرمیاں اس دور میں عروج پر تھیں۔ ہمارے اُردو کے اُستاد جناب شریف ساجد صاحب تھے ۔ آپ صر ف اُستاد ہی نہیں تھے بل کہ اُردو شاعری کا ایک حوالہ تھے۔ ان کا اندازِ تعلیم تعلم انتہائی شاعرانہ تھا جس سے میرے ادبی ذوق کو بے پناہ جلا ملی۔ جب میں میٹرک تک پہنچا تو اُس وقت تک میں تھوڑے بہت قافیے ملانے لگ گیا تھا۔ ان دنوں حضور بابافریدالدین مسعود گنج شکرؒ کا عرس تھا تو کسی حوالہ سے حضرت پرنم الٰہ آبادی ہمارے ہاں ٹھہرے۔ ان دنوں آپ کی لکھی گئی قوالی ’’بھردو جھولی میری یا محمدؐ ‘‘ کا ملک کے طول و ارض میں بہت شہرہ تھا۔ بنا بریں مجھے اُن کی خدمت کا شرف حاصل ہوا اور تقریباً ہفتہ دس دن اُن کی قربت نصیب رہی۔ لہٰذا میں نے موقع کو غنیمت جانتے ہوئے اُن کو اپنے ٹوٹے پھوٹے اشعار دکھائے اور اُن سے ابتدائی اصلاح لی۔ ۱۹۹۱ء میں حلقہ اربابِ فرید پاک پتن ادبی تنظیم کی بنیاد رکھی گئی جس کے پہلے صدر قادر الکلام شاعر جناب منیب برہانی تھے اور پہلے جنرل سیکرٹری تنویر عباس نقوی تھے۔ مجھے اس تنظیم کا پہلا فنانس سیکریٹری منتخب کیا گیا۔ کتاب ہذا میں اس دور سے اب تک کا کلام شامل ہے۔ لہٰذا مجھے اس پلیٹ فارم پر قطب الدین چشتی ، طالب شاکر، حاجی شفیق خاکی، محترمہ یاسمین برکت، رانا...
The purpose of this study was to describe the science process skills of students of PGMI FTIK IAIN Palu on the science laboratory of Asam Basa. This research is a descriptive study conducted at the PGMI Study Program in September to October 2019. The research subjects were students of semester 3 of PGMI in the academic year 2019/2020 who took 28 natural science courses. Data in the form of students' Science Process Skills were obtained from the student performance appraisal in the science practicum on acid-base material. The results showed that students' science process skills varied in each category. For the category of skills using tools and materials, the average percentage for the 2 indicators is 83.05% or very high. For the category of observation skills, the average percentage for the two indicators is 83% or very high. For the grouping / classification skills category, the average percentage for the 2 indicators is 79% or in the high category. Whereas for communication skills where in this category there are 3 indicators with an average indicator of 82.5 or very high. Overall by averaging the percentage of all indicators obtained the percentage for science process skills in science lab, wet acid material is 82%. This shows that the science process skills of PGMI students are very high.
In this study, the impact of teachers? training on students? achievement was evaluated. The research was on quasi-experimental design as SAT Project data was used for analysis.The impact of training was evaluated on Donald Kirkpatrick?s four-level training evaluation model at level 4 (results).
The study sample was Sukkur Region class VIII students and teachers teaching Math subject at class VIII level. The sample teachers were divided into two groups, one who received training and second those who did not receive training and similarly class VIII students were divided into two groups, one who were taught by trained teachers and others who were taught by untrained teachers.
The independent T-test and one-way ANOVA tests were performed using SPSS software.
The results of t-test and ANOVA did not support to the hypothesis i.e. there is an impact of teachers? training on class VIII students in Math subject, therefore the hypothesis is rejected.
The findings suggest that there is no any significant impact of teachers? training on students? achievement at class VIII level in Math subject in Sukkur region.