لازوال دوستی
بھٹو صاحب اور جمعہ فقیر کی دوستی کی ہوشربا داستان ۔
’’میری بھٹو صاحب سے محبت یا عقیدت اس وجہ سے نہیں کہ وہ کوئی عظیم قسم کے کلاسکل سوشلسٹ یا مارکسٹ تھے البتہ یہ ضرور ہے کہ ان میں وہ تمام خوبیاں موجود تھیں جو ایک اچھے سوشلسٹ میں ہو نی چاہییں ۔اسی کو بھٹو ازم کہتے ہیں ۔اس فرق کو سمجھے بغیر آپ بھٹو صاحب کو بھی نہیں سمجھ سکتے ۔ہمارے بائیں بازو کے اچھے خاصے دانشور اس غلط فہمی کا شکار ہیں ۔‘‘
میں نے بھٹو صاحب کے چالیسویں کے موقع پر ان فقیر کو اپنی آنکھوں سے دیکھا تھا۔اس دن گڑی خدا بخش میں بھٹو صاحب کے مزار پر عوام کا بے پناہ رش تھا ۔جس کی وجہ سے میں اس فقیر کی طرف کوئی خاص توجہ نہ دے سکا ۔آج صبح یہ پوسٹ میری نظروں سے گزری تو اس فقیر کا چہرہ میری نظروں کے سامنے گھوم گیا ۔جس دوست نے اس کو فیس بک پر پوسٹ کیا ہے اس کو کل میں نے کسی بات کی وجہ سے ان فرینڈ کیا تھا ۔اس کے بعد اس نے اپنا تعارف کرایا اور مجھ سے اپنی کوتاہی پر معذرت کی ۔آج اتفاقاََ اس نوجوان کی پوسٹ میری نظرسے گزری ۔اس سندھی سے اردو میں ترجمہ شدہ متن سے کچھ غلطیاں میں نے نکال دی ہیں اور اگر مجھے اس کا مکمل متن مل جائے تو میں اس پر مزید تحقیق کر نے کی کوشش کروں گا ۔
ایک دوستی کی داستان ۔دوستی عام ہے لیکن اے دوست! دوست ملتا ہے بڑی مشکل سے ۔ لاڑکانہ میں لوگوں کو آج بھی ذوالفقار علی بھٹو اور ایک فقیر صفت درویش شخص جمعہ فقیر کی دوستی یاد ہو گی ۔یہ...
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)being the world’s most prevailing and frightening cancerous disorder lacks the sufficient data in Pakistan despite of its higher magnitude and prevalence. Objective: This study was specifically designed and conducted with the aim to identify the frequency of this disorder along with causative factors in past three years in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: Epidemiological study was conducted using retrospective randomized method and all pre-requisites were filled. The clinical profiles of patients were collected from Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery Departmentof Pathology, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Patients who had undergone treatment for OSCC were contacted and interviewed for information about demographic regions, previous history of malignancy, disease onset, chewing habits, exposure to pesticides, industrial exposure to metals etc. And all particulars were not and compiled on questionnaire. Results: A total of 54 patients from different districts of Punjab participated in the study. Percentages for each possible causative chewing habit were calculated and 87.50 % of population was found addicted to different habits. Genetic factor might have contributed in remaining for development of OSCC. Conclusions: Informative data provided in this study will be helpful to be used by the government and private health agencies while designing and planning management of oral health problems and allocating health budgets in focusing this issue
In 1997, the National Bureau of Curriculum revised the Science textbooks for classes VI, VII and VIII. The revised textbooks are activity-based and use better visuals to illustrate concepts, but the teachers do not have any awareness about the use of these activity-based textbooks in their Science classroom. So in this study I explored how a teacher uses the Science textbook in her classroom and how I could help her to expand her practice in teaching, guided by the textbook. As a result, the study teacher should be able, to teach Science more effectively by using different active methods i.e. discussion, demonstration, problem-solving and group-work. This study was conducted in three stages: pre-intervention stage (the existing teaching practice of the use of the textbook) intervention stage (introducing different active methods through model lessons, co-planning and co-teaching) post-intervention stage (examing the effect of new learning for the use of the textbook). The data were collected through observations, interviews and reflective memos. The data were than analyzed by pulling together the themes that emerged during the findings. Finally conclusions to the entire process were drawn and a few recommendations were made for addressing the issues which arose from the exercise. This study provides a completely new dimension to the training of the teacher. It explains how the process of working with the teacher in the real classroom can help them and provide support to change her attitude and use her new learning. The teacher's attitude towards learning becomes positive and at the end of the study she is able to use the textbook in a more effective way with the help of different active methods, and her teaching becomes towards activity-based.