اظہارِ تشکر
حمد و ثنا ہے اُس خالقِ لم یزل ولا یزال کے لیے جو لائقِ تسبیح و تمجید ہے۔جس نے اپنی قدرتِ کاملہ سے ذرے کو آفتاب،قطرے کو قلزم اور عظیم آسمان کے شامیانے کو بغیر کسی سہارے کے نصب فرمایا۔جس کا کمال اس کی معرفت ہے اور جس کا شاہ کار "لولاکِ لما خلقت الافلاک" کا مصداق ہے۔لاتعداد درود و سلام اُس ہادی برحق معلمِ قدس ،سید الانبیاء حضرت محمد مصطفیٰ صلی اللہُ علیہ وآلہ ٖ وسلم کی ذاتِ مقدسہ و مطہرہ پر۔اور لاکھوں درود و سلام صاحبانِ کساء ،اہلبیتِ اطہار ؑ اور اصحابِ باوفا رضوان اللہ علیھم اجمعین کی ذواتِ پاکیزہ پر۔
یہ مقالہ میری زندگی کی اولین تحقیقی کاوش اور میری زندگی کے خوابوں کی ادنی سی تعبیر ہے۔جس کے لیے میں نے ان تھک محنت کی۔ الحمد للہ میری اس کاوش کو خدائے بزرگ و برتر نے تکمیل تک پہنچانے میں میری مدد فرمائی۔
میں شکر گزار ہوں اپنے عظیم والدین کا جن کی بے پناہ محبتوں اور شفقتوں کے سبب میں ا س قابل بنا۔ جنہوں نے زندگی میں ہر گاہ رہنمائی فرمائی اور اپنی دعاؤں کے سائے میں پروان چڑھایا۔میرے والدِ بزرگ وارسید محمد حسین شاہ صاحب کو تعلیم سے بے پناہ محبت ہے۔اُن کی زندگی کی یہ خواہش رہی ہے کہ ہمیں بہترین انداز میں زیورِ تعلیم سے آراستہ فرمائیں۔آج میں فخر محسوس کر رہا ہوں کہ ان کے خواب کو تکمیل تک پہنچانے میں خدا نے میری مدد فرمائی۔خدا میرے والدین کو سلامت رکھے اور ان کی محبتوں کا ابر ِ رحمت ہمیشہ برستا رہے۔
میں اپنے محسن و مشفق استاد نگرانِ مقالہ پروفیسر ڈاکٹر سید اشفاق حسین بخاری کا شکر گزار ہوں جن کے علمی سایہ عاطفت میں یہ تحقیق مکمل کی ۔اچھی...
In the post-industrial revolution world, social change is often studied and understood in the context of change in means of production, mobility, urbanization and change in the constitution of workforce. Role of ethical values is generally confined to personal conduct and manners. Industrial society is supposed to have its own work ethics which may or may not agree with personal ethics and morality. Ethics and morality are generally considered, in the Western thought, as a social construct. Therefore, with the change in means of production or political system, values and morality are also expected to be re-adjusted in order to cope with the changed environment. Sometimes a totally new set of values emerges as a consequence of the change in economic, political, or legal set up. The present research tries to understand the meaning and place of these values in a global socio-cultural framework. Relying essentially on the divine principles of the Qur'ān it makes an effort to understand relevance of these universal and ultimate principles with human conduct and behavior in society. It indicates that essentially it is the core values, principles, or norms which guide human beings in their interpersonal, social, economic and political matters. Islam being a major civilizing force, culture, and the way of life, provides values which guide both in individual and social matters. The values given by the Qur’ān and the Sunnah are not monopoly of the Muslim. These values are universal and are relevant in a technological society.
Avian orthoavulaviruse-1 (AOAV-1) including highly pathogenic strains, pose severe economic
and animal health concerns in developing countries. Live Bird Markets (LBMs) in Asian
countries are considered as hubs for the spread and maintenance of different avian infectious
diseases. In developing countries, poultry trade is characterized by complex chains comprising of
many factors with limited biosecurity. In Pakistan, there is lack of uniformity in practices used in
LBMs, leading to heavy impact in the spread of the disease. A cross-sectional survey was
conducted to identify risk factors associated with AOAV-1 infections and their genetic
characterization in LBMs from eight-towns of Lahore district during 2016-2018. A total of 189
poultry stalls (n=1015 birds) distributed in eight-towns were visited and a pool of 5-6
oropharyngeal swab samples was collected from each stall and tasted by RT-PCR for the Fusion
(F) gene. Ninety-one (91) of 189 swab samples were found positive for AOAV-1s.The overall
prevalence of the AOAV-1in poultry stalls was 48.14% (95% Cl = 41.13-55.24) observed. Data
for eleven potential risk factors acquired through detailed questionnaires were analyzed by
survey-weighted logistic regression and prevalence odds ratios (OR) for associated risk factors
were calculated. A total of 24 AOAV-1 isolates were sequenced to examine the circulating
genotype through complete F-gene. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to
sub-genotype VIIi, genotype VII class II. This study provides important information on
epidemiology and control of AOAV-Iin Pakistan and highlights the importance of implementing
surveillances and biosecurity practices in LBMs.