Hypertriglyceridemia Induced Pancreatitis Treated with Medical Management without Plasmapheresis

Hypertriglyceridemia is third prevailing cause of acute pancreatitis after biliary and alcoholic etiology. It accounts for 1 to 4% cases of pancreatitis. Present case describes a thirty years old diabetic male, who presented in emergency with pain in the abdomen and yellow discoloration of the skin. He was admitted with suspicion of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), but no improvement was seen after DKA treatment. His laboratory investigations showed normal serum amylase levels and dyslipidemia with raised serum triglycerides levels. He was diagnosed as acute pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia, which is considered as a rare cause of acute pancreatitis.

Development of a Model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Ocb : A Comparative Study of University Teachers from a Developing and a Developed Country

Extra-role behavior also called organizational citizenship behavior is critical for organizational effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to develop and test an integrated model of organizational citizenship behavior based on the framework of organizational effectiveness suggested by Katz (1964) in the specific context of university teachers. The study is specifically aimed at finding the individual and joint direct and indirect effect of human resource management practices (HRP) and transformational leadership style (TSF) on affective organizational commitment (AC) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of university teachers in Pakistan (developing country) and England (developed country). No other study has modeled these variables together. Data was collected through mailed and self-administered questionnaires consisting of standardized scales. Two samples of university teachers, one from Pakistan (n=402) and other from England (n=188), based on complex probability sampling were used in the study. One-way ANOVA was used to find the association of demographic factors (public and private nature of university, designation, qualification, tenure, gender, marital status and age) with affective commitment and citizenship behavior of university teachers. It was found that most of demographic characteristics caused significant variation in both affective commitment and citizenship behavior of teachers in both Pakistan and England. Correlation analysis showed significant positive associations among all four study variables. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to find direct effect of predictors (HRP and TSF) on mediating (AC) and dependent (OCB) variables and indirect effect of predictors on dependent variable with mediation of affective commitment both jointly and individually. It was found that HRP and TSF have significant direct effects on both AC and OCB in Pakistan and England individually as well as jointly. AC is also significantly related to OCB in both Pakistan and England but variation explained by AC in OCB in England is substantially higher than in Pakistan. AC is also found perfectly mediating the relationship between both predictors and OCB in all three cases (1. HRP-AC-OCB, 2. TSF-AC-OCB, 3. HRP,TSF-AC-OCB) in England while in Pakistan mediation of AC is just partial in all of these cases. Results have been discussed in the light of past studies and implications for managers and researchers have also been suggested.