Micronutrient are required for the proper growth and development of plants, animals and human beings. Their role is not ignorable in plants, as they play a vital role in many cellular and physiological processes as well as have a key role in important processes in human. Unfortunately, owed to climatic conditions and calcareous nature (>7.5) of Pakistani soils, plants are suffering from micronutrients deficiency. Nutrients deficient crops are becoming source of various major diseases of humans and animals as well as cause severe yield reduction in plants. Various strategies have been adopted to fortify plants/grains with nutrients. Elemental sulfur is commonly practiced for calcareous soils to solubilize the locked nutrients in soil through biological oxidation. This strategy is still accompanied by economic constraints because huge amount of Sº could not be paid by farmers. The present study was planned to prepare an acidulated organic amendment through bio-augmentation of S° added cow dung with sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) to determine its effect on micronutrient bio-availability in calcareous soils. This research included a series of incubation, lab, green house and field studies. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria were screened based on pH reduction, SO4 -2 production, micronutrient (Zn, Fe, Mn) solubilizing abilities. Next step was preparation of acidified amendment through bio-augmentation of S° added cow manure with SOB. Product preparation was optimized at different conditions and minimum pH 2.2 at 15th day was attained at 55-60% moisture, 0.5% rate of molasses, in presence of strain AR-13 at 35ºC temperature. Rate optimization of amendment was conducted via incubation studies in lab through release of micronutrients from soil. Three different rates (5, 10 and 15% dilutions) of acidified extract at the rate of 100 liter/acre were applied at four different time points. Application of product decreased the soil pH from 7.98 to 7.32 and enhanced the micronutrient mobilization and microbial count, but, very next day, nutrients availability was again decreased and same trend was observed after each application. Both 10% and 15% rates of dilution showed same trend in term of pH lowering, nutrient release and microbial population, so, 10% rate was selected for proceeding studies. Then, 10% extract was applied in pot trial on maize @ 100 liter/acre at four different stages; trial consisted of 7 treatments with different rates of micronutrients (25, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended micronutrients) + acidified extract, alone micronutrients, alone extract and a control. Treatments 100, 75 and 50% of recommended micronutrients + acidified extract showed non-significant results within and significant results over all other treatments in all growth and yield parameters. However, on the basis of economics 50% of the recommended micronutrient + extract found more beneficial and improved yield by 46.27% and grain Zn, Fe and Mn concentration by 42.95, 117.38 and 128.55% over control, respectively. Field trial on maize was also conducted with same treatments to determine the efficacy of extract in field. All growth, physiological, quality, nutrients uptake, yield parameters and nutrients mobilization in soil were determined and maximum results were found where micronutrients were applied with acidified extract. Like pot trial treatment with 100, 75, and 50% of recommended micronutrients + acidified extract showed maximum results and 50% rate was found more beneficial. Grain yield and grain Zn, Fe and Mn concentration for 50% of recommended micronutrients + acidified extract was 13967 kg/ha, 56 mg/kg, 81.50 20 20 mg/kg and 66.67 mg/kg, respectively. Hence, by application of 50% of the recommended micronutrients + acidified extract at four different peak required stages, maximum benefit can be attained and additional 50% fertilizer can be saved. Concluding, this product can improve the grain micronutrient contents and resultantly, humans micronutrient deficiency would be uplifted, proving it to be a novel strategy to improve growth, yield, grains micronutrients concentration and quality of maize. Furthermore, this product is less costly, easily prepared and eco-friendly for farmers as compared to other approaches.
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
98:01 a. Those who disbelieve from among the Followers of the Former Scriptures and the idol- worshipers, b. will not give up their disbelief until a Clear Evidence was presented to them,
98:02 a. through a Messenger from Allah, reciting purified scripts, and
98:03 a. containing clear instructions for them.
98:04 a. Yet those who were given the former Scriptures did not challenge and become divided into factions until after this kind of Clear Evidence came to them.
98:05 a. Even though all they were commanded to: - submit to Allah alone in awe, reverence, and worship, - sincerely devote religion exclusively to HIM, being Haneef, and - establish the Salat/Prayers and - pay out Zakat/annual charity b. for that is/are the parameters of a Religion – Right and Straight.
98:06 a. Indeed, those who continue to disbelieve – even after Clear Evidence has come to them - from Followers of the Former Scriptures and the idol-worshipers will be in the Fire of Hell - there to remain - never to leave, never to die. b. Those - they will be the worst of created beings.
98:07 a. However, those who believe and practice righteousness, b. those - they will be the best of created beings.
Surah 98 * Al-Bayyinah 749
98:08 a. Their reward is going to be with their Rabb - The Lord: b. Gardens of Perpetual Bliss - through which rivers/streams flow - to live therein forever, never to leave, never...
Sources of Quranic Narrates of Syda Mariam (AS): A Critical Analysis of Orientalistic Approach Origin of the Qur’ᾱnic narrates towards Mariam Virgin (AS) has broadly been under debate in orientalist studies. Orientalist, in general, have had the opinion that Qur’ᾱnic stories of virgin Mariam were not the divine revelation; these are plagiarized and utilized from Christian apocryphal sources and literature like Arabic Gospel of infancy and Protoevangelium of James. This research paper’s questions were that according to Orientalist: is it true that the sources of Qur’ᾱnic Stories of Mariam (AS) are plagiarized from apocryphal Christian literature and Quran has done mistake about name of Mariam (AS)'s father and brother. This research is historical and textual. In conclusion, if anyone who has sincerely studied dating apocryphal literature and its dating should be able to see that his sincerity negates taking data for making Qur'ᾱnic narrates towards virgin Mariam (AS) from Christian apocryphal impacts upon Qur'ᾱnic narrate and also this paper shows that Christian developed their apocryphal literature after revelation of Quran.
This study is focused on identifying the facilitating role of the learning organizations in the process of
individuals' careers development. The research has undertaken the study of the part of the process of
Organizational Development, where capacity development in terms of Career Development of the staff is
carried out to enhance the capabilities of the organization. The study establishes the fact that if the objectives
of the two processes are merged together then a synergetic effect is created which enhances the pace of both
the process.
The theoretical framework of this study has taken career development as dependent variable, Organizational
Development strategies is the Independent Variable. This study analyzes the reliance of the introduction of
knowledge sharing strategy of OD on the individual capacity development. The main construct of this study is
to see the significance of the correlation between the processes of career development and Organizational
Development. The theoretical frame work has been studied in two different context i.e the learning
organizations' and the conventional organization and a comparative analysis of the two have been carried out
establishing certain results. Keeping in view the qualitative nature of the study, three different tools have been
employed by this study including Participant Observation, Questionnaire and Structured interviews.
The conclusion of the study indicated that the Learning Organizations context is more supportive to the
process of career development as compared to the Conventional context. It was also concluded that the
management of both the organizations are undoubtedly clear about the positive contribution of the capacity
development process to organization's benefit but the role performed by the management in these two
different context is different from each other. The recommendations of this study include a model for
integrating HR activities of the organization with the career development process.