Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Pharmacological Efficacy of Systemic and Topical 6-Methoxyflavone and Bacopa Monnieri in the Rodent Neuropathic Nociceptive Paradigms

Pharmacological Efficacy of Systemic and Topical 6-Methoxyflavone and Bacopa Monnieri in the Rodent Neuropathic Nociceptive Paradigms

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Shahid, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Peshawar

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Pharmacy

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11845/1/Complete%20thesis29_M%20Shahid_PhD_Pharmacy_Reports7.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726877537

Similar


Neuropathic pain occurs due to a lesion or disease process affecting the somatosensory system. This pain is usually presented as an evoked response to non-painful stimuli (allodynia) and an exaggerated response to potentially painful stimuli (hyperalgesia). Despite rapid advancement of neuroscience and modern techniques related to drug design, effective drugs to mitigate the painful symptoms of neuropathy are still lacking. Systemic pharmacotherapy is currently regarded as the mainstay treatment and guidelines suggest offering a choice of gabapentin, pregabalin, amitriptyline, duloxetine, and tramadol. Unfortunately, the clinical effectiveness of these systemic agents can be limited by the extent of pain relief provided and the occurrence of significant side-effects. These limitations may be curtailed by investigating additional safe and effective agents and by localized therapy. In the present study, the flavonoid 6-methoxyflavone and a standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell (family: Scrophulariaceae), a widely reputed nootropic plant, were investigated via the systemic and topical routes for prospective neuropathic pain attenuating efficacy in the well-established rat models of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI), cisplatin and streptozotocin induced neuropathic nociception. The neuropathic paradigms measured were static and dynamic mechanical allodynia (paw withdrawal threshold [PWT] to von Frey monofilaments and latency [PWL] to light brushing with a cotton bud), cold allodynia (paw withdrawal duration [PWD] to an acetone drop), heat hyperalgesia and hypoalgesia (increase and decrease PWL to a heat stimulus) and mechano-hyperalgesia (PWD to pin-prick), static and dynamic mechanical vulvodynia (flinching response threshold to the von Frey filaments pressure [FRT] and latency to light brushing [FRL] of the vulvar region). Additionally, any effect on the neuronal function produced after systemic and topical treatments was assessed using the paradigms of open field, rotarod, and footprint pattern analysis. For the systemic treatment, the antinociceptive doses for 6-methoxyflavone were 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, while those of B. monnieri were 40 and 80 mg/kg. Gabapentin at 75 mg/kg was used as positive control. Topical gels of 6-methoxyflavone and B. monnieri were prepared in concentrations of 6% and 10% in relation to the clinically effective gabapentin gel. The relevant neuropathic nociceptive paradigms were successfully expressed in the operated hindpaw after placement of four loose ligatures around the sciatic nerve (days 3-21) and in both the hindpaws during the four weekly cisplatin injections and after the single injection of streptozotocin (days 7-28). These were exemplified as a significant decreased PWT to von Frey monofilaments, decreased PWL to cotton bud stroking and heat as well as an increased PWL to heat (cisplatin only), increased PWD to a drop of acetone and pin-prick, and decreased FRT to von Frey filaments and FRL to cotton bud (streptozotocin only). The daily systemic doses of 6-methoxyflavone and B. monnieri significantly attenuated the overall maintenance of mechanical and cold allodynia, mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, heat hypoalgesia, and tactile vulvodynia during the expression days. Similarly, gabapentin treatment also afforded an analogous beneficial behavioral profile. The three times daily applications of the topical gels of 6-methoxyflavone and B. monnieri ipsilaterally but not contralaterally alleviated the neuropathic aberrations in the CCI induced nociception model and also in the cisplatin and streptozotocin induced polyneuropathy in both hindpaws. Accordingly, daily application of gabapentin gel on the mid-plantar area also showed a comparable suppression of neuropathic expression. However, the antinociceptive actions of gabapentin via the systemic route were associated with immobility along with motor impairment exemplified by a significant decrease in rotarod endurance latency and a deficit in the uniformity of step alternation. In Summary 3 contrast, the systemic and topical 6-methoxyflavone and B. monnieri were devoid of these unwanted effects and in fact the systemic treatments corrected these neuronal dysfunctions specifically associated with cisplatin and streptozotocin neuropathic models. The gabapentin 10% gel also afforded desirable neuropathic pain alleviating effects devoid of unwanted systemic side-effects, thereby indicating local antinociceptive actions for the topical gels. These outcomes suggest that systemic treatment with 6-methoxyflavone and B. monnieri afforded desirable neuropathic pain alleviating propensities when tested against an extensive range of nociceptive stimulus modalities without producing any gabapentin-like unwanted motoric side-effects. These findings also disclosed an expedient pharmacological validation of the effectiveness of topical route in the management of neuropathic pain. The systemic and topical 6-methoxyflavone and Bacopa monnieri can be used as an adjuvant therapy for pain conditions including neuropathic pain afflicted with allodynia and hyperalgesia and/or heat hypoalgesia as well as for diabetes associated vulvar pain. Further studies are advocated in other animal models along with clinical studies with regard to certain neuropathic pain syndromes in addition to elaborate pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

محمد عباس اثرؔ

محمد عباس اثرؔ
محمد عباس اثرؔ(۱۹۰۱ئ۔پ) کا اصل نام محمد عباس اور اثرؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ اثر ؔراولپنڈی میں پیدا ہوئے۔ سیالکوٹ میں بزمِ افکار کا احیا کیا اور اس بزم کے صدر بنے۔ اثر سیالکوٹ میں حلقہ اربابِ ذوق کے ممبر بھی منتخب ہوئے۔ آپ نعت‘ غزل‘ نظم اور قطعات لکھتے تھے ۔(۳۴۰) اثر روایتی شاعر ہیں۔ ان کی شاعری توحید و رسالت‘ یاسیت اور دردو غم میں ڈوبی ہوئی ہے۔ کچھ اشعارملاحظہ ہوں:
آج کچھ اور حال ہے دل کا

بجھ رہا ہے چراغ محفل کا

اک بگولہ اٹھا سرِ منزل

اڑ رہا ہے غبار منزل کا

غم کی کونپل نگاہ سے پھوٹی

کوئی ٹوٹا ہے آبلہ دل کا

آندھی اٹھی اثرؔ بڑھائو قدم

بجھ رہا ہے چراغ منزل کا
(۳۴۱)

کیا سناتے انہیں ہم حال سنایا نہ گیا

درد محسوس تو ہوتا تھا دکھایا نہ گیا

اور تو رنج کئی ہم نے اٹھائے لیکن

رنج بے مہری احباب اٹھایا نہ گیا
(۳۴)۲

شکستِ غم آرزو درد بن کر

میرے دل کو رہتا ہے اکثر لپیٹے

اثر میں نے اشعار میں ضبطِ غم سے

سلگتے ہوئے چند آنسو سمیٹے
(۳۴۳)
جب نہیں تھے بحرو بر‘ انجم زمین و آسماں
تھا فقط حسنِ ازل یعنی خدا کی ذات تھی
کائنات حسن جب پھیلی تو لا محدود تھی
اور جب سمٹی محمدؐ مصطفٰے کی ذات تھی (۳۴۴)

Khula Between Family Code Modified by Order 05-02 and Islamic Jurisprudence

Just as a man can resort to divorce when he does not love his wife, the Islamic Law (Sharīa„h) gives the woman the right to end her marriage, if she does not love her husband. However, she will have to repay her the dowry paid to her unless there are circumstances in which a judge could force his husband to pronounce Ṭalaq without compensation from his wife. The Family Code puts an end to an abuse of the rule by judges who demanded the consent of the husband. She asserted that the demand for Khula„ was no longer conditional on the husband's acceptance. As a result, the expression "without the consent of the husband" was introduced in 2005, in Article 54 of the Family Code.

A Model for Integration of Information and Communication Technologies Icts in Teacher Training

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education has revolutionized teacher education and use of innovative approaches in teaching methodology has changed teaching and learning process. To find out the impact of ICT in teacher education, this study was conducted to (i) examine the level of integration of ICT in exiting pre-service Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) program offered by Government Colleges of Education and Provincial Institute of Teacher Education, (ii) evaluate the competency deficiencies of teacher educators in use of ICT in teaching and learning process, (iii) analyze the need assessment of B.Ed trainees in terms of use of ICT and, (iv) develop ICT-supported training model for teacher educators. The population of the study was four (04) male and female Heads of institutions, thirty seven (37) teacher educators of B.Ed classes and four hundred and nine (342) B.Ed trainees of all Government Colleges of Education including Provincial Institute of Teacher Education. The census sampling was used to select all the four (04) Heads of the institutions and thirty seven (37) teacher educators. However, a simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of B.Ed trainees. The sample thus consisted of four (04) male and female Heads of institutions, thirty seven (37) teacher educators of B.Ed classes and one hundred forty seven (147) B.Ed trainees of all Government Colleges of Education including Provincial Institute of Teacher Education. A mixed method approach, using both quantitative and quantitative method, a concurrent triangulation strategy, was used for this study. Data was collected through questionnaires, focus group discussion, in-depth interviews and classroom observations. The questionnaires were designed to collect the quantitative data and focus group v discussion, in-depth interviews and classroom observations were used to obtain the in- depth knowledge for qualitative analysis. In addition to this research, the researcher conducted pilot test for the application of developed ICT-supported model in routine class courses focusing integration of ICT in teaching and learning process. The findings of study show the very low level of ICT-supported teaching due to lack of facilities and resources, but study found very positive perceptions among the teacher educators, heads of institutions and B.Ed trainees towards integration of ICT in teacher education program. The overwhelming majority of respondents showed willingness to use ICT in classroom teaching. However, the study found that teacher educators require more training on new ICT-integrated pedagogical approaches for the improvement of their ICT skills. The pilot testing of model found significant impact on teaching and learning process. The research suggests several key reforms for policy makers and recommendations for head of institutions, teacher educators and B.Ed trainees. For policy makers, this study proposes that teacher education curriculum should be revised and reforms be made in assessment method using ICT according to the international standards along with the provision of ICT tools and digitalization of classrooms. The study also recommends that at college level, heads of institutions may make serious attempt to encourage ICT-supported environment for both teacher educators and B.Ed trainees and existing resources be fully utilized at maximum level. In addition, the B.Ed trainees be encouraged by teacher educators to prepare the assignment using electronic sources and project-based techniques, evaluation methods, and computer based assessment be used by teacher educators to encourage integration of ICT in teaching learning and assessment process.