The present study was undertaken to explore therapeutic potential of selected plants to provide scientific basis for the ethno-pharmacological uses pertaining to gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The crude ethanolic extract of Brachychiton populneus (Bp.Cr) exhibited relaxation of periodic contractions in isolated preparations of rabbit jejunum. The relaxant effect of Bp.Cr was confirmed to be attributed to opening of K+ ATP channels, which is further confirmed significantly (P<0.005) by in vivo experiments (i.e. Charcoal meal and fecal mass count). In isolated preparation of rabbit trachea, the Bp.Cr exhibited relaxation of contractions induced by K+(25 mmol) and CCh (1 μmol), being more potent against K+ (25 mmol) suggested the opening of K+ATP channels as possible mechanism. In isolated aortic preparation (denuded), Bp.Cr exhibited relaxation of contractions induced by K+ (25 mmol) and phenylephrine (1 µmol). In isolated preparations of rabbit paired atria, the Bp.Cr exhibited cardio depressant effects may be attributed to the known K+ ATP channels opening activity. In in vivo studies, Bp.Cr caused a significant (p<0.05) fall in MABP which can be attributed to the proposed K+ channels opening potential. Furthermore, Bp.Cr also showed significant (p<0.01) anti-emetic (CuSO4 induced) activities. The K+ ATP channel opener activity was found to be concentrated in the dichloromethane fraction of Bp.Cr (Bp.Dcm). The K+ ATP channel opener activity of Bp.Cr was found to be comparable to that of cromakalim. The crude extract of Cenchrus ciliaris L. (Cc.Cr) exhibited relaxant effect on the spontaneous and spastic contractions induced by K+ (80 mmol) in isolated rabbit jejunum, similar to that of verapamil, suggested the involvement of Ca2+ channel blocking(CCB) activity as possible mechanism. The spasmolytic activity is further confirmed significantly (P<0.005) by in vivo experiments (i.e. Charcoal meal and fecal mass count). In isolated preparation of trachea, the contractions induced by CCh (1 µmol) and K+ (80 mmol) were relaxed completely by Cc.Cr, being more potent against CCh (1 µmol), explaining the dual mechanism of muscarinic receptors antagonism and CCB activity, similar to dicyclomine. The Cc.Dcm was found to have CCB; while aqueous fraction of Cc.Cr (Cc.Aq) showed antimuscarinic activity. In isolated rabbit aorta(denuded), Cc.Cr exhibited α1-adrenergic agonistic activity, angiotensin II agonistic activity as well as CCB. The angiotensin II agonistic and CCB activity was concentrated in Cc.Dcm while α1-adrenergic agonistic activity was found to be concentrated in Cc.Aq. In isolated paired atrial preparation, Cc.Cr exerted cardio-stimulation via β1adrenoceptors agonist activity, as well as, cardio depressant activity of Cc.Cr can be attributed to already mentioned CCB activity. In vivo experiments showed that Cc.Cr significantly (p<0.05) reduced the MABP and heart rate which may be outcome of CCB activities of Cc.Cr.The crude ethanolic extract of Cyperus niveus (Cn.Cr) underwent relaxation of the induced contractions of CCh (1 µmol) and K+ (80 mmol) in isolated preparations of rabbit jejunum and trachea, suggested the relaxation by dual mechanism of antimuscarinic and CCB activities, similar to dicyclomine. The CCB activity was concentrated in Cn.Dcm while antimuscarinic activity was concentrated in Cn.Aq. The observed anti-muscarinic activity was further confirmed in isolated preparations of rat ileum. Cn.Cr also exhibited significant (p<0.005) anti-diarrheal (Castor oil induced), anti-motility (transit test) and anti-emetic (CuSO4 induced) activities. In isolated preparations of rabbit aorta (denuded), Cn.Cr showed contractile response which was found to be due to α1 adrenergic and HT2A serotonergic agonistic activities along with CCB activities. In isolated preparation of rabbit paired atria, Cn.Cr initially showed partial β adrenergic agonistic activity, along with cardio depressant effect which may be outcome of some constituent(s) possessing CCB activity. In in vivo experiments, the MABP and heart rate in normotensive anaesthetized rats was reduced significantly subsequent to administration of Cn.Dcm, which may be outcome of CCB activities of Cn.Dcm.Conclusion: Brachychiton populneus is known to possess folkloric repute as a remedy for asthma, cough, cardiac ailments, constipation and diarrhea; however, pharmacological screening of the plant extract exhibited spasmolytic, spasmogenic, bronchodilator, vasorelaxant, cardio tonic, hypotensive, anti-diarrheal, anti-motility and anti-emetic activities.Thus, provided scientific basis for its folkloric uses in multiple ailments. Cenchrus ciliaris L. is a grass of high nutritive value and possesses a folkloric repute as diuretic, anti-diarrheal, anti-asthmatic, emollient, lactogogue, purgative, stomachic, in kidney pain, sores, tumors and wounds; however scientific investigation of the plant extract exhibited spasmolytic, bronchodilator, vasorelaxant, cardio tonic, hypotensive, anti-diarrheal, anti-motility and antiemetic activities.Thus, provided scientific evidences for its folkloric uses in multiple ailments. Cyperus niveus Retz. is used in traditional system of medicines to manage various diseases including cancers, colic, common colds, dysentery, diarrhea, emesis, inflammations, chest troubles, as cordial, desiccant, stimulant, sedative, and diuretic; pharmacological evaluation of the plant extract exhibited spasmolytic, bronchodilator, vasorelaxant, cardio tonic, hypotensive, anti-diarrheal, anti-motility and anti-emetic activities. Thus, provided scientific evidences for its folkloric uses in multiple disorders.
حکیم محمد صادق سیالکوٹی ؒکی اردو سیرت ’’جمالِ مصطفیﷺ‘‘کا تعارف وجائزہ
ڈاکٹر محمد انصر جاوید گھمن
اردو سیرت کی کتاب "جمالِ مصطفیﷺ"مولاناحکیم محمدصاد ق سیالکوٹی رحمہ اللہ کی ایک مشہور تصنیف ہے ۔ یہ کتاب نعمانی کتب خانہ حق سٹریٹ اردوبازار، لاہورسے چھپی ہے ۔اس کتاب کا سرورق بہت زیادہ خوبصورتی سے مزین کیاگیاہے، جس کی ابتدااللہ تعالیٰ کے ارشادِ پاک "اور ہم نے آپﷺ کو سب جہانوں کے لیے رحمت بناکربھیجاہے۔"کے ساتھ درج ذیل شعر سے کی گئی ہے:
سیلاب رنگ و نور طلوع سحر میں ہے تابندہ کہکشاں تیر گر سفر میں ہے
حکیم صاحب اپنی کتاب کا تعارف ان الفاظ میں کرواتے ہیں:
"اس کتاب میں آرامِ جاں، سکون ایمان، کاشفِ سرکن فکان، دلدارِ مسکان، غم خوارِ عاصیاں، ممدوحِ قُدْسَیاں، سرخیلِ نوریاں، رحمتِ عالمیاں، سید الکونین، سید الثقلین، حبیبِ خدا، اشرف الانبیاء، شافعِ روزِ جزاء، حضرت محمد مصطفیﷺکا حسن صحیح معنوں میں اپنی راعنائیوں کے ساتھ جلوہ بار ہے۔"
مولانا حکیم محمد صادق سیالکوٹی رحمہ اللہ نے حسنِ صورت بھی بیان کیاہے اور حسنِ سیرت بھی بیان کیاہے۔ حکیم صاحب نے مندرجہ بالا القابات جو بیان کیے ہیں در حقیقت یہ رسول اللہﷺ کی سیرت کے مختلف پہلو ہیں جو حکیم صاحب نے بڑے حکیمانہ انداز میں بیان فرمائے ہیں۔ پھرحکیم صاحب نبیﷺ کی سیرت کو اشعارکی صورت میں بیان کرتےہیں اور آفتابِ نبوت میں آفتابِ کردار کو نمایاں کرتے ہیں۔جن میں سے چند حسب ذیل ہیں:
E-commerce is one way among many that people buy and sell things in retail. Some companies sell products online only, but for many, e-commerce is a distribution channel that’s part of a broader strategy that includes physical stores and other revenue streams. Either way, e-commerce allows startups, small businesses, and large companies to sell their products at scale and reach customers worldwide. The growing scenario of E-commerce shapes a new dynamism in Business and offers no time-bound, cost-efficient, and hassle-free buy and sell. Following changing approach, security management in e-commerce (cyber security) is now the focus. People in Bangladesh are mostly unaware of the risks of using computing and digital devices and online platforms. This article articulated the risk factors associated with the growing reliance on digital technologies and devices. Then, some policy guidelines are prescribed for the national level and individual level, including leading social campaigns, new chapters in the school curriculum, advancing technological aptitudes of law enforcers, strengthening security systems in e-commerce, embanking sites, bringing frauds to justice, initiating law to define cybercrimes, fortifying institutional management of cyber securities
The flood risk prevention and the effective water resources management and planning require flows of a river to be recorded continuously and analysed at considered barrages or dams. For a given barrage and dam the flow temporal variation over a certain span of time can graphically be represented by a hydrograph. The hydrograph provides information which is essential for determining the frequencies and severity of flood events. The major characteristics of flood hydrograph are duration (d), peak (p) and volume (v) which are obtained from the components of the hydrograph. Traditional approaches for frequency analysis of hydrology considered these features individually in a context of the univariate study. These features were considered jointly in a multivariate study so that the structure of their dependency could be encountered. Hence, the univariate approaches are not reliable enough to represent the phenomenon and cause reducing the accuracy of risk estimation whereas multivariate approaches contribute in improving the accuracy of risk estimation by considering joint features and dependency structure between characteristics of a flood. However, all the preceding approaches carried the aim of analysing the number of flood characteristics and ignored the comprehensive information provided by the hydrograph. Present research carries an object which contains a framework to introduce the hydrographs as a functional data curve for frequency analysis. This context uses the whole hydrograph as an infinite dimensional observation so that more efficient and effective estimates regarding the risk of associated extreme events can be obtained. The contribution of the proposed approach is to address the problem usually encountered in hydrology regarding incomplete data by exhaustively employing complete information produced by the hydrographs. A number of tools for the analysis of functional data (AFD) are introduced and applied to frequency analysis of flood (FAF) in order to execute exploratory analysis which is an initial step towards comprehensive functional FAF. The methods employed as a first step of exploratory analysis are a visualization of data, measures of location and scale, principal component analysis and detection of outliers are illustrated using real-world flood data of barrages and dams on the River Indus of Pakistan.