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Photo-Oxidative and Laser Studies on Edible Oils and Fats

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Khan, Hldayatullah

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Peshawar

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1994

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5975/1/3522H.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676726890804

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98. Al-Bayyinah/The Clear Evidence

98. Al-Bayyinah/The Clear Evidence

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

98:01
a. Those who disbelieve from among the Followers of the Former Scriptures and the idol- worshipers,
b. will not give up their disbelief until a Clear Evidence was presented to them,

98:02
a. through a Messenger from Allah, reciting purified scripts, and

98:03
a. containing clear instructions for them.

98:04
a. Yet those who were given the former Scriptures did not challenge and become divided into factions until after this kind of Clear Evidence came to them.

98:05
a. Even though all they were commanded to:
- submit to Allah alone in awe, reverence, and worship,
- sincerely devote religion exclusively to HIM, being Haneef, and
- establish the Salat/Prayers and
- pay out Zakat/annual charity
b. for that is/are the parameters of a Religion – Right and Straight.

98:06
a. Indeed, those who continue to disbelieve – even after Clear Evidence has come to them
- from Followers of the Former Scriptures and the idol-worshipers will be in the Fire of Hell - there to remain - never to leave, never to die.
b. Those - they will be the worst of created beings.

98:07
a. However, those who believe and practice righteousness,
b. those - they will be the best of created beings.

Surah 98 * Al-Bayyinah 749

98:08
a. Their reward is going to be with their Rabb - The Lord:
b. Gardens of Perpetual Bliss - through which rivers/streams flow - to live therein forever,
never to leave, never...

القوافل التجارية اإلفريقية خالل القرن التاسع عشر امليالدي: قوافل منطقة وادي نون منوذجا

ملخـص: اضطلعت قافلة منطقة وادي نون بدور مهم كوسيط وصـلة وصـل بـين اللـمال والجنـوب، فوقوع هذا المجال الصحراوي وسـط المغـرب، جعلـن منفـذا يجاريـا لل اـاري اإلفريقيـة اآلييـة مـن جنوب الصحراء، والمتجهة نحو شمال المغرب وأوروبا والعكس صحيح، إال أن ذلك ال يعني عـدم يعرض القوافل التجارية لملاكل يحول دون نجاح مهمتها، التـي يتطلـا الـتمكن مـن منهجيـة عمـل محكمة وما وطة، يحقق أرباح ونتارج إيجابية، سواء على المستوى االجتمـاعي أو االقتصـادي أو الثقافي. الكلمات المفتاحية: وادي نون، التجارة الصحراوية، القوافل التجارية.

Breeding Tomato for Fruit Production With Urban Sewage Water

Wastewater is often used for irrigation, especially in farming near urban areas, causing heavy metal accumulation and pathogenic infection in soils and crops grown there. A socio- economic survey conducted in a peri-urban area in Faisalabad called “Uchkara” revealed that in spite of being aware of the potential harmful effects of waste water, farmers preferred to use it due to its low cost and lack of alternatives. Comparison of irrigation water from different sources showed that in wastewater the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Pb were many folds higher than their recommended safe limit, rendering affected water sources unfit for use in irrigation. Crops irrigated with this waste water also had very high concentrations of heavy metals. Higher concentrations were found in leafy vegetables than in other crops. Screening was carried out to identify high yielding and heavy metal tolerant tomato genotypes when irrigated with waste water. Diverse tolerance to heavy metals and yield- related traits were observed among tomato accessions. Higher concentrations of metals were found in vegetative parts than in fruits. The concentrations of Cr (0.35-50 ug/g), Mn (3.75- 16.25 ug/g), Ni (0.75-3.25 ug/g), Pb (0-3.75 ug/g) and Zn (13.74-69.5 ug/g) varied in fruit tissues of different tomato accessions. The tomato accessions PB-017906 and 10592 had better fruit yield and appeared relatively tolerant to heavy metals accumulation. With maternal effects and additive type of gene action was involved in the inheritance of number of flowers and number of fruits, while a dominance type of gene action was involved in the inheritance of heavy metals tolerance. Transcriptome analysis of heavy metal tolerance genes i.e., HSP and M. Thio showed that tomatoes respond to high concentrations of heavy metals through increased transcription of the HSP and M. Thio genes. It was observed under Pb and Cr stress that HSP and M. Thio protein transcripts accumulated to levels many times higher than in the in roots and leaves of control plants, reducing protein damage from heavy metals and sustaining cellular homeostasis. PCR-based diagnostics showed that the waste water had S. enterica bacterium. In contrast, tomato fruits were free of S. enterica contamination in 14 out of 16 (87.5%) tomato accessions, showing that most of the time S. enterica was physiologically blocked from gaining access to the tomato fruit. Although waste water application is the need of time the resulting information from this research will be helpful in the development of low metal-accumulators as well as S. enterica tolerant tomato genotypes suitable for heavy metals and bacterial problems by the use of wastewater.