Image of Islam Western Media: An Overview of Studies About Portrayal of Islam and Islamic World 1971-2001

ABSTRACT: This article presents an over view of studies conducted by the various scholars about portrayal of Islam and Islamic world during the time period (1971-2001) . It is claimed that mainstream media of west and US have been disseminating false information about Islamic world since the several decades. Due to the distorted images, developed and manipulated by the media, Islam is the name of negativity in the west. It is generally believed that western and United States mainstream media often misrepresents and inaccurately interprets/portrays Islam, Islamic world and its manifestation. After conducting in depth analysis of various studies regarding portrayal of Islamic world prior the incident of 9/11, it was found that elite media in the United States including the newspapers: Like New York Times and Washington post; the magazines: like Time and News Week, electronic media including: like ABC, CBS, NBS & CNN have been highlighting Islamic world in negative and unfavorable manner. It is said this anti Islamic campaign has reached to enormous proportion with the demise of communism. The that negative image of Islamic country is primarily a conspiracy of American foreign office to invent a new bogy and enemy to fill vacuum created by the collapse of soviet Union and world wide desperation of communism, particularly demise of communism in former USSR

Ma Arker-T Rait As Sociatio for D on Drough Toler Ance in Ht N H Exaploi Whea Triti Id at Icum Aes Stivum L Germ L. Mplasm

Plant productivity is greatly influenced by environmental stresses. Under stressful conditions, plants develop a plethora of biochemical and molecular mechanisms to cope with new situations that includes expression of numerous genes by signal transduction associated with stress tolerance. Plant osmotic stress responses are associated with changes in gene expression due to environmental stresses like drought, high salinity and low temperature. In the present study, our focus was on DNA fingerprinting of wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasms of different genotypes viz Local Genotype, Mapping population, Synthetic and NIBGE on the basis of polymorphism. Various osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes were also studied in the drought affected genotypes followed by their association with SSR primers. Drought was induced in wheat samples by using polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000). Biochemical estimation of proline was done by spectrophotometric method and glycine- betaine and trehalose were analyzed on HPLC. The antioxidant enzymes viz superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were determined through spectrophotometer method. Root/shoot ratio was enhanced in the drought affected genotypes. The levels of antioxidant enzymes were enhanced significantly in all the genotypes except those of NIBGE. Glycine-betaine, proline and trehalose promoted a positive effect in wheat germplasm under drought stress. For DNA fingerprinting, SSR marker studies was performed using 45 Ksum series primer pairs in the selected wheat genotypes. The DNA fingerprinting results have shown that the different wheat genotypes had association linked with osmoprotectants and antioxidant enzymes during drought stress. Statistical results have shown higher degree of marker-trait association among wheat genotypes and drought affected parameters. This study will strengthen the useful breeding programs especially to amplify efforts for continued genetic improvement of wheat to meet the growing requirements of an ever increasing population.