Momentum of Ajwa Dates towards Cardiovascular Diseases Momentum of Ajwa Dates towards Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the top most cause of morality around the world.  It is predicted that the number casualties from CVDs will increase to more than 24 million till 2030 people. Medicinal plants provide the major raw materials for medicine preparations. They are gaining high consideration due to their effectiveness and increasing cost of modern medicines. Many successful drugs are plant based, including aspirin from the willow bark, morphine from opium poppy, quinine from the cinchona bark, and digoxin from the foxglove. According to World Health Organization (WTO), ~70% to 80% of people around the world rely on herbal sources for the treatment of their disease. Plant sources are endorsed due to the fact that they contain an optimal amount of  antioxidants and phytochemicals that help to avoid and treat many diseases. Phoenix dactylifera L. Particularly Ajwa variety, is the most rich in phytonutrientsthat can benefit to control many cardiovascular diseases. It contains6 vitamins (vitamin A, C, B1, B2, B3 &riboflavin), high amount of fibers, Potassium, Magnesium and 23 amino acids which play a healthy role towards hypertension, muscular contractions, and blood pressure control. It has been studied that Niacin (B3) helps to control cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels (LDL), as high cholesterol is the one of the main cause of cardiovascular diseases so, Ajwa could be a vital regulatory source. According to the findings of Sabbah M. Et al, Ajwa extracts significantly improved the DNA integrity and also reduced the cardiomyocytes congestion, edema and the cellular stress wielded on cardiac muscles resulting the restoration of cardiomyocytes architecture in Doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Research done by Alqarni et al, proves that Ajwa extracts has successfully decreased the LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, and triglycerides concentration. Additionally, treatment with ajwa pulp also improved the HDL‐C level and antioxidant enzymes activity. In another invivo study, Ajwa preparation has successfullydecreased the diclofenac-induced pulmonary and hepatic instabilities. Vitamin-K play important role in blood coagulation, and in case of anticoagulant therapy, activity of vitamin-K controlled by drugs (warfarin) that sometimes causes serious side effects. According to the reported data, Salicylic acid is the vitamin-K antagonist and has capability to block the action of vitamin K during the coagulation pathway. Dates contain ~3.75 to 4.50 mg/100 g of salicylic acid. Thus, providing anticoagulation effect too. So, the limelight of the reported data provides an enough reason that plants can be used as primary source of drug designing for the cardiovascular disease. They hold true momentum to address the increasing healthdiseases, which cannot be lost to distraction or apathy. Fight against the burden of CDVs, is affecting all countries and specially, under developing and the poor countries.

Some Semi Analytical Solutions of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flows

The unsteady flow and heat transfer characteristics of electrically conducting water based thin liquid film non-Newtonian (Casson and Williamson) nanofluids dispensed with graphene nanoparticles past a stretching sheet are considered in the presence of transverse magnetic field and non-uniform heat source/sink. Embedding the graphene nanoparticles effectively amplifies the thermal conductivity of Casson and Williamson nanofluids. Ordinary differential equations together with the boundary conditions are obtained through similarity variables from the governing equations of the prob lem, which are solved by the HAM (Homotopy Analysis Method). The solution is expressed through graphs and illustrated which show the influences of all the param eters. The convergence of the HAM solution for the linear operators is obtained. Favorable comparison with previously published research paper is performed to show the correlation for the present work. Skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented through Tables and graphs which show the validation for the achieved results demonstrating that the thin liquid films results from this study are in close agreement with the results reported in the literature. Results achieved by HAM and residual errors are evaluated numerically, given in Tables and also depicted graphi cally which show the accuracy of the present work. In another study the steady two dimensional magnetohydrodynamic second grade nanofluid flow containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms is considered using passively controlled nanofluid model boundary conditions. For the biofluid xxii xxiii the thermal boundary layer convective boundary conditions have been handled. The study has been restricted to gyrotactic microorganisms where compensating torques generated by shear and gravity effects manifest in gyrotaxis which controls the ori entation of upswimming microorganisms through rotary motions. By using the ap propriate similarity transformation for the velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and motile microorganism density, the governing partial differential conserva tion equations under prescribed boundary conditions are transformed to the ordinary differential equations which are solved analytically by the HAM (Homotopy Anal ysis Method). Graphical solutions are presented to show the influences of all the parameters. Skin friction, wall heat transfer rate, nanoparticle mass transfer rate and microorganism transfer rate are evaluated in Table. Motile microorganism density function enhances with an increase in momentum slip. Applying optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM), a time dependent symmet ric flow with heat transmission of a second-grade fluid containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms between two parallel plates in two dimensions is explored. Partial differential equations furnish the nonlinear ordinary differential equations due to the usage of relevant similarity transformations. Motion declines due to second grade fluid, energy elevates due to thermophoresis, concentration enhances due to Brownian motion and gyrotactic microorganisms profile elevates due to Peclet num ber. The unsteadiness parameter has a profound effect on the nanobioconvection flow within the plates. Consistency and smoothness between the first and second orders of the optimal homotopy asymptotic method are revealed through graphs. Also, graphs are provided to manifest the impacts of each parameter. In last problem, the simultaneous flow and heat transfer of two nanoliquids in the environment of gyrotactic microorganisms and cubic autocatalysis chemical reaction through a porous medium is treated under the potentiality of buoyancy. Weissenberg parameter keeps direct relation and the Casson parameter have inverse relationship to xxiv the velocity in the existence of opposing features of dominant agent and space keep ing pores. Energy keeps low position to the peak position of slippery environment. The dual behavior on concentration profile for the ascending range of strength of homogeneous reaction parameter can be observed. Small organisms are treated pos itively through homogeneous reaction while porous medium, magnet existence and heterogeneous reaction keeps opposite behaviors. Required substitutions are adopted to receive different order differential equations from the original equations which are treated via an efficient scheme. The potentialities of all the representatives are put into graphs and are elucidated.