The research work embodied in the present dissertation deals with isolation, characterization and evaluation of biological activities of Indigofera heterantha, Millettia ovalifolia, and selected conifers which are presented in five parts along with a brief review of the biosynthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, indigoferamide, indigoferate, indigoferone, millettio peroxide and sesquiterpene. PART- A Part A describes the phytochemical and biological evaluation of Indigofera heterantha (Wall). Three new and seven known compounds have been isolated from I. heterantha. Various experimental techniques and extensive spectroscopic studies were used for the isolation and structural elucidation of these compounds. Indigoferamide-A and indigoferate showed significant activity, against selected bacteria, while indigoferone exhibited high lipoxygenase activity. New Chemical Constituents · Indigoferamide-A (12) · Indigoferate (13) · Indigoferone (14) Known Chemical Constituents · Dotriacontanoic acid (15) · Formononetin (16) · Quercetin (17) ii· Quercetin 3-α-L-fucopyranoside (18) · 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-6,4’-dimethoxyflavon (19) · 3,5,4 ́-Trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (20) · Norartocarpetin (21) · 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (22) PART- B Part B focused on isolation, purification, characterization and biological evaluation of the chemical constituents of Millettia ovalifolia. Millettioperoxide along with five known compounds have been isolated and characterized through physical characteristics and extensive spectroscopic studies. The new compound possessed high anti-bacterial activity. New Chemical Constituents · Millettioperoxide (23) Known Chemical Constituents · 3,7-Dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (24) · (E)-Ethyl 13-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylate (25) · (E)-Methyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylate (26) · N-Ethylacetamide (27) · Benzoic acid (28) iiiPART- C Part C deals with the isolation and characterization of the chemical constituents of Abies pindrow, which led to the isolation and structure elucidation of one new and four known chemical constituents. New Chemical Constituents · Abiespindrowpine (29) Known Chemical Constituents · β-Sitosterol (30) · β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (31) · 3β, 28-Dihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene (betulin) (32) · 3β-Hydroxylup-20 (29)-ene-28-oic acid (betulinic acid) (33) PART- D Part D explains the isolation and characterization of phytochemical constituents of Pinus wallichiana. Four known compounds have been isolated and characterized. Known Chemical Constituents · β-Sitosterol (30) · β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (31) · 5-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (34) · Oleanolic acid (35) ivPART- E Part E of the dissertation, described the isolation and structure elucidation of the chemical constituents of Piceae smithiana. Two known compounds have been isolated and characterized. Known Chemical Constituents · β-Sitosterol (30) · β-Sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3
مولانا محمد اویس ندوی نگرامی دارالمصنفین اور معارف کے حلقہ میں مولانا محمد اویس ندوی نگرامی کا نام محتاج تعارف نہیں ہے، وہ معارف کی مجلس ادارت کے رکن اور دارالمصنفین کی مینیجنگ کمیٹی کے ممبر تھے، رفیق کی حیثیت سے بھی کئی سال تک یہاں رہ چکے اور تصنیف و تالیف کے علاوہ سیرۃ النبی کی نظرثانی میں بھی انھوں نے مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی مرحوم کا ہاتھ بٹایا تھا، سید صاحب کی جوہر شناس نگاہ نے طالب علمی کے زمانہ ہی میں ان کی صلاحیت کا اندازہ کرلیا تھا، تعلیم سے فراغت کے کچھ ہی عرصہ بعد ان کو دارالمصنفین لے آئے، تصنیف و تالیف کے علاوہ وہ ان کی درسی لیاقت کے بھی معترف تھے، قرآن مجید کے مطالعہ کا شوق انہیں شروع ہی سے تھا، سید صاحب کی صحبت میں یہ ذوق اور بڑھا، یوں تو سبھی اہم تفسیریں نظر سے گزریں تھی، لیکن ابن جریر اور ابن کثیر سے زیادہ دلچسپی تھی علامہ ابن تیمیہ اور حافظ ابن قیم کے تو عاشق تھے، ان کا ذکر بڑے والہانہ انداز میں کیا کرتے تھے، اس گرویدگی کا اثر تھا کہ مختلف کتابوں سے ان کے تفسیری بیانات چن کر ایک ضخیم کتاب تیار کردی، ان کی یہ کوشش ہندوستان ہی میں نہیں، بلکہ پوری دنیا میں قدر کی نگاہ سے دیکھی گئی، اب تک کئی اڈیشن شائع کرچکے ہیں۔ علمی انہماک کے ساتھ تزکیۂ نفس اور اصلاح باطن کا بھی بڑا خیال تھا، ان کا خاندان شریعت و طریقت کی جامعیت میں ممتاز تھا، ان کے پردادا مولانا عبدالعلی حضرت شاہ علم اﷲ رائے بریلوی کے سلسلہ سے وابستہ تھے، دادا مولانا محمد ادریس بھی ایک بڑے عالم اور شیخ طریقت تھے، وہ مولانا عبدالحئی فرنگی محلی مولانا عبدالحق حقانی اور قاری عبدالرحمن پانی پتی کے شاگرد اور مولانا فضل رحمن گنج...
Allah Almighty has completed this world by the creation of human being. He Almighty has made the men superior than the other creation of all the world .By his creation Allah Almighty has designated some responsibilities to him as well. If He will fulfil these responsibilities and do right deed, Allah almighty will pleased by him and he will deserve the Heaven and if he will not fulfil his responsibilities which were designated by Allah almighty and will misconduct, then due to misconducting of his deeds he will go to Hell. By this article, I tried to describe the meaning of man and point out the process and stages of creation of human, his responsibilities and some hidden but bitter facts about human life. When a person accept and understand these facts, his life will be easy. In this research paper descriptive method of research has been adopted by researcher
Embedding of a digital watermark in a digital media is proving to be a workable solution for many of the recent problems like copyright protections and content authentication. However, the embedding of a digital watermark in a digital media is not without constraints. This requires perceptual shaping of a watermark in context of Human Visual System (HVS). The goal of this thesis is to develop a new watermarking scheme based on intelligent shaping of a digital watermark using GP. To achieve this goal, the research focuses on making efficient tradeoffs between two of the most important, but contradicting properties of a watermarking system; robustness and imperceptibility. This thesis makes the following contributions: (1) An analysis of the importance of perceptual shaping of a watermark in making a trade off between robustness and imperceptibility is performed, (2) intelligent search technique, like GP, is used to exploit the characteristics of HVS in evolving superior perceptual shaping functions, (3) the concept of bonus fitness has been proposed to implement multi-objective fitness function, in the GP simulation. This helps in simultaneously handling the estimated robustness and imperceptibility requirements during embedding stage, and actual robustness during decoding stage, (4) we realize that perceptual shaping of a watermark is not only important for making a superior trade off, but could also be used to tailor the watermark in accordance to an anticipated attack, (5) watermarking systems are becoming more and more sophisticated, as such this thesis, using intelligent search technique like GP, points towards the solution strategy of many complex issues in watermarking that are difficult to be computed analytically. A series of empirical investigations are performed to analyze the performance of the genetically evolved perceptual shaping functions (GPSFs) using standard benchmark, which shows the effectiveness of our approach.