The research work was carried out for the phytochemical and biological studies of Croton bonplandianum (Euphorbiaceae). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids while anthraquinone glycosides and cardiac glycosides were absent. The extraction of dried plant material was affected by dichloromethane and methanol successively. Both dichloromethane and methanol extracts were subjected to biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, α-chymotrypsin inhibitory, urease inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities along with brine-shrimp toxicity, phytotoxicity against Lemna minor. Dichloromethane extract has shown in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 97.89 % with IC50 value of 14.93 μg/ml compared to the standard acarbose, which exhibited 92.23 % inhibition with IC50 value of 38.25 μg/ml. Methanol extract appeared with potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of 84.14 % with IC50 found to be 31.01 μg/ml compared to the standard eserine, which exhibited 82.82 % inhibition with IC50 value of 30.01 μg/ml. Methanol extract was found toxic with LD50 value of 115.76 (0.0048 - 13.76) μg/ml against Artemia salina and also showed radical scavenging activity (%RSA) of 59.62% with IC50 value of 396.20 μg/ml . Based on these results activity guided isolation of constituents from dichloromethane and methanol extracts were done. Fractionation of dichloromethane extract by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH 20 using different mobile phase systems led to the purification of compounds (A-I). The structures of these isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic technique such as UV and IR spectroscopy. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR and Mass spectrophotometry (EIMS, HRMS) were used for elucidation of structure. On the basis of physical and spectral data from literature, these compounds were identified as n-pentacosanyln- nonadeca-7′-en-9′-α-ol-1′-oate (A), n-tridecanyl n-octadec-9,12-dienoate (B), nonacosyl hexadecanoate (C), heptacosanoic acid (D), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-hexadecanoylamino-(6e,9e)- heptacosdiene (E), coumarin (F), betulin (G), stigmasterol (H), and 3,5-dimethoxy 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (I) were isolated. All these compounds were screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, compound F, G and I possessed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a concentration-dependent manner and explained more potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 23.0 to 26.7 μg/ml than that of a positive control acarbose (IC50, 38.2 6 μg/ml). Fractionation of methanol extract by column chromatography on silica gel using different mobile phase system afforded five compounds (J-N). Based on spectral data the chemical structure has been established as 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (J), 5,8- dihydroxycoumarin (K), stigmasterol 3-O- β -D-glucoside (L), sparsifol (M) and 6-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl- β-D-(1-O-sinapoyl,6''-O-sinapoyl)-glucopyranose (N) were isolated from methanol extract of Croton bonplandianum. The compounds J, K, L and N exhibited significant butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in a concentration-dependent manner and exhibited potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 21.0 to 36.0 μg/ml, than that of a positive control eserine (IC50, 32.0 μg/ml).
اعلیٰ تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد فکر معاش اور غم روزگار فطری بات ہے۔ لیکن پروفیسر عبدالحق نے جس طرح تن دہی اور جس مساعدت کے ساتھ اپنا علمی سفر طے کیا اس طرح سےا نہیں ملازمت میں بھی ہولیات فراہم ہوگئیں۔ ایک توان کی علمی لیاقت اور ادبی صلاحیتیں دوسری شریف اساتذہ کی سر پرستی اور پھر پروفیسر خواجہ احمد فاروتی جیسے جو ہر شناس کی تیز نگاہ جو ہر قابل کو پہچان گئی۔ ابھی پروفیسر عبد الحق پی۔ ایچ۔ ڈی کے وایوا سے فارغ ہی ہوئے تھے کہ پروفیسر محمد حسن نے پروفیسر خواجہ احمد فاروقی کے ایما پر پروفیسر محمود الہی صدر شعبہ اردو گورکھپور یو نیورسٹی کو خط لکھا جس میں پروفیسر عبدالحق کو دہلی طلب کرنے کے لیے لکھا تھا۔ یہاں شعبہ اردو دہلی یونیورسٹی دہلی میں تین مہینے کے لیے ایک عارضی جگہ خالی تھی۔ ڈاکٹر شرافت حسین مرزا جو ریسرچ اسٹنٹ کے طور پر کام کر رہے تھے وہ تین ماہ کی رخصت پر اپنے وطن جانے والے تھے۔ خواجہ احمد فاروقی کی یہ خوبی تھی کہ وہ کسی اسامی کو خالی رہتا نہیں دیکھ سکتے تھے۔ اس سال 1965 ء میں صدیق الرحمان قدوائی لیکچرار شعبہ اردو اپنے ریسرچ کے کام سے تین ماہ کی رخصت پر چلے گئے ۔ ان کی جگہ گورکھپور سے ڈاکٹر فضل الحق کو لیکچرر مقرر کر دیا گیا۔ پروفیسر عبدالحق کو بھی تین ماہ کے لیے دہلی طلب کیا گیا تھا لیکن جب وہ 17 دسمبر 1965ء کو دہلی تشریف لائے تو معلوم ہوا کہ ڈاکٹر شرافت حسین مرزا نے چھٹی کی درخواست واپس لے لی ہے تو پروفیسر عبد الحق واپس جون پور جانے کے لیے تیار ہو گئے لیکن خواجہ احمد فاروقی نے از راہ شفقت انہیں روک لیا اور تقریبا ًچھ ماہ کے بعد فاروقی صاحب(Post-Doctoral Fellowship) کی کوششوں سے...
In sahih Bukhari the reform’s of Imam Bukhari are present in various styles and artistically sahih Bukhari is an eximious book. But in this present confab we want to disuses such a topic which is about the colligation of sahih Bukhari’s parts and order. The intellectual advisability and sequences called the order of the parlance, and some time many points are practical and various expediencies recondite in this order. With identity the object of the speaker is explicated e.g, he started the book with incipiency and it is brought first because the inspiration the provenance of admonition. He arranges “kitab-ul-Emam” of on the second because to have belief on Allah as “Rab” is the most preeminent and also the prerequisite. In the first Hdith انما الاعمال بالنيات is in the same order and we understand that candidness is not only enough in the outset but it should be obsessive on both the commencement and the verge. The advisability we understood is the deserts starts form intentness and suppress on the left. Imam Bukhari to words both radicals in the inception and completion of the book.
Analysis of the genome sequence of Pyrobaculum calidifontis revealed the presence of an open reading frame Pcal_1127 annotated as ribose-5-phosphate pyrophosphokinase. To examine the properties of Pcal_1127 the coding gene was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified gene product was characterized. Pcal_1127 exhibited higher activity when ATP was replaced by dATP as pyrophosphate donor. Phosphate and EDTA activated the enzyme activity and equivalent amount of activity was detected with ATP and dATP in their presence. Recombinant Pcal_1127 could utilize all the four nucleotides as pyrophosphate donors with a marked preference for ATP. Optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were 55 °C and 10.5, respectively. A unique feature of Pcal_1127 was its stability against temperature as well as denaturants. Pcal_1127 exhibited more than 95 % residual activity after heating for 4 h at 90 °C and a half-life of 15 min in the boiling water. The enzyme activity was not affected by the presence of 8 M urea or 4 M guanidinium chloride. Pcal_1127 was a highly efficient enzyme with a catalytic efficiency of 5183 mM−1 s−1. These features make Pcal_1127, a novel and unique ribose-5-phosphate pyrophosphokinase.