مشکل الحدیث کے حل میں ملا علی قاری ؒ کا منہج۔ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Problematic narration has always been under the special focus of the commentators of Hadith. This important branch of Hadith sciences, in fact, removes all objections that arise on the text of an authentic narration of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Mulla Ali Al-qari, being a famous commentator has opted for a comprehensive pattern in solving such problematic narrations in his famous commentar0y on Mishqat Al-masabih named Mirqat Al-mafatih. This article is an effort to explore his style by presenting ten examples from this voluminous commentary. Qari has at first, investigated the authenticity of such narration. He has tried to present the views and interpretations of his predecessor scholars such as Nawavi, Ibne-Hajar, Khattabi, etc. He seems to owe a clear viewpoint about this kind of narration that prophetic sayings after being confirmed and authentic as per principles set in Hadith Sciences, must be interpreted in a way that testifies the sanctity of that narration. This research concludes that problematic narrations have been interpreted by Muslim scholars of every age according to the knowledge they possessed. In this modern age of Science and technology, if any such narration has multi interpretations only one may be preferred which is supported by the available modern research It will surely make non-believers inclined to Islam and its eternal teachings.

Entomological Prospective for Better and Economical Production of Mushrooms, in Punjab, Pakistan

Mushroom is considered a sensitive crop as it requires special care for contolling insect pests damages especially through phorid (Megaselia halterata) and sciarid (Lycoriella auripila) flies during March-November, creating cultivation problems and serious threat for mushroom industry in Pakistan, Sometime severe infestation of phorid and sciarid flies result into the total crop collapse. Thus, present study was planned (1) to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different insecticides (Trichlorphon, Malathion, Spinosad, Endosulfan, Deltamethrin, Spintoram, Imidacloprid, Diafenthuron and Permethrin) against these flies, (2) to evaluate the potential of six botanical (Neem nut. Neem leaves, Eucalyptus leaves, Nerium indicum leaves, Castor bean leaves and Tobacco leaves), (3) to determine the effectiveness of cultural/physical control (Light traps, Screening mesh, Hygiene and Temperature) and finally, (4) the integration of all these control measures in a compatible manners during three successive years of study. All the treatments were evaluated on the basis of reduction in adult of mushroom flies emergence (RAE), mushroom damage rate (MDR) in percentage and yield in three successive growing periods. Six insecticides viz., Trichlorphon, Malathion, Spinosad, Deltamethrin, Spintoram and Permethrin, out of nine, caused 77.42% to 90% mortality of 3 rd instar larvae of phorid and sciarid fly under lab condition, while 73% to 88% in mushroom houses. Four plant extracts [Neem nut, Neem, Tobacco and Kanair (Nerium indicum)] out of six caused 41% to 72% mortality of 3 rd instar larvae of phorid and sciarid fly under lab conditions, while 40% to 68% in mushroom houses. Pink colour flap light trap trapped maximum average mushroom flies per week (85.50) followed by yellow (57.00), blue (33.95) and white (19.45), respectively. Screening mesh and hygiene proved best reducing adult emergence up 51.18% and 45.79%, respectively. Integration of insecticides with plant extracts proved very effective against mushroom flies (phorid and sciarid). It controled the adult emergence about 90.82 to 92.44% in mushroom house. In the same way, integration of chemical cultural and control controlled mushroom flies up to 91.72% and 93.34% in mushroom houses. While, the integration of plant extracts and cultural methods controlled the phorid and sciarid fly up to 77.57% and 76.51% respectively, in mushroom houses.