درد کو درد نہیں میں نے دوا مان لیا
زہر کو زہر نہیں میں نے شفا مان لیا
تو نے جو مجھ کو محبت میں سزائیں دی ہیں
میں نے ایک ایک سزا کو بھی جزا مان لیا
کفر اسلام میں انسان کو سجدہ کرنا
مذہبِ عشق نے اس کو بھی بجا مان لیا
ہے یہ کیا مجھ کو بتائیں گے فتاویٰ والے؟
سنتے ہیں قیس نے لیلیٰ کو خدا مان لیا
تیرے ہر درد کو سمجھا ہے عنایت تیری
تیرے ہر زخم کو تائب نے عطا مان لیا
Islamic Fiqh is the representative of legal aspect of Islam. It has been originated and established on direct teachings of Qur’an and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW). These two sources are called primary sources of Islamic law. There are some supplementary sources to the primary sources; Istihsan (Juristic Preference) is one of these. Orinetalist’s studied and produced literature on Islamic law. Istihsan has also been discussed by them but they have different opinions about its origin and its role in Islamic law. In this article their opinions are being critically analyzed and the definition, role and types of Istihsan being presented according to Muslim’s viewpoint. This research concluded that the Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, MicDonald, David Pearl, and Benjamin Jokisch explanations about the establishment of Isti╒san are not correct.
The usage of multimedia applications is growing and the requirements for higher quality content delivery are increasing rapidly in the mobile network environment. The mobile network environment is challenging for recent multimedia applications as compared to the wired network environment in various ways. The multimedia contents are delivered to mobile users over heterogeneous networks. Due to fluctuation in bandwidth and user mobility, the service providers are facing difficulties in providing Quality of Service and guaranteed content delivery for multimedia applications. The existing schemes use the single source and multi-source delivery but are unable to balance between stream quality and network congestion for mobile users. Recently, HTTP is used for video streaming that ensures persistent integration of video quality to current HTTP based servers. The HTTP server stores multiple quality levels to provide adaptive media streaming under varying network environment. We designed a Quality Oriented Multimedia Content Delivery Scheme for the mobile cloud to deliver better quality multimedia contents for the mobile user. A method is developed to measure smooth available bandwidth in varying network condition that is used for bitrate selection. An optimized rate adaptation algorithm is designed and implemented to select the best bitrate for the next video chunk.The multimedia contents are delivered to the mobile device on the basis of the device’s parameters and network environment. A rate adaptation algorithm is designed by using Lyapunov optimization for multisource multimedia content delivery to minimize the video rate switches and provide higher video quality. The mobile cloud based multi-source streaming is designed and implemented to enhance performance in an adaptive video streaming client. The performance is compared with existing streaming techniques to validate the multi-source streaming solution. It considers key factors such as video quality, bitrate level, and quality variations to enhance quality of experience over wireless networks. The objective video quality assessment models like Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Structural Similarity, and Video Quality Measurement are used to measure quality of the video. The client side Quality of Experience metric such as Startup delay, Rebuffering events, and Bitrate switch count are used for evaluation. The results show significant improvement over existing multimedia content delivery schemes.