MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB YANG TERFOKUS PADA SISWA (STUDENT-CENTERED LEARNING/SCL)

This paper would like to descripte the characteristics of learning that focused on the learners, the benefits, the weaknesses and the steps of its use to achieve the goal of learning Arabic. Learning model is an important part which is understood by every Arabic teacher to be able to present the condition of learning that is always fun for learners. An effective model for learning in Arabic is the learning model that concentrated to student. The use of this learning model is believed to be able to improve the four competencies of Arabic learners, namely the ability to speak, write, read and hear. For this reason, an Arabic teacher must understand the various variants of an effective learning model which centered on the learning potential of students in order to present the materials in an enjoyable. Therefore, it is important for any Arabic teacher to change the teacher-centered paradigm which is conventional teaching towards a modern learning paradigm which centered to the creative ability of students during the Arab learning proccess. The use of learning models which focused to learners in Arabic learning should be supported by teacher innovation that can empower learners to be active during learning. In addition, the teacher seeks to construct the latest Arabic material by utilizing the technology media relevant to the progress of the global education world, especially in learning Arabic as the language of the Islamic world and religious language.

Biochemical Profiling and Cardioprotective Potential of Various Combination of Medicinal Plants

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most dreaded menace and its incidences are increasing gradually. Although many of the major and minor risk factors play a crucial role in the development of MI, however the hypertension and hyperlipidemia are its major risk factors. In spite of significant pharmacological advancements regarding drug development has been made, but most of the available drugs have a long list of side effects which limit their use in clinical medicine. Hence there is a dire need to integrate complementary and alternative medications into the practice of conventional medicines, for the treatment of MI. The research was planned to be carried out into two sections including in vitro and in vivo analysis. In vitro analysis involved the screening of medicinal plants by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibition assay. Among all the selected medicinal plants, methanolic extracts of Terminalia arjuna, Piper nigrum, Coriandrum sativum, Allium sativum, Rauvolfia serpentina, Eletaria cardamom and Crataegus oxyacantha showed maximum ACE inhibition potential. These medicinal plants were further subjected to LC-MS analysis which confirmed the presence of important phytoconstituents and phenolic acids in extracts. The antioxidant execution of selected medicinal plants has performed by DPPH and DNA protection assay. The dose dependant response for antioxidative potential i.e, the activity of all the medicinal plants in term of % age inhibition increased with increase in concentration. The toxicity assay of selected medicinal plants exhibited no hemolytic effect and considered to be safe herbal product for effective fighting against various diseases. Section- II comprised of In vivo analysis was conducted in three phases. The phase-I included the preliminary trial, in which the RSM optimized the dose of salbutamol (80 mg/kg b. wt.) to induce myocardial infarction. In phase-II, the optimal concentrations of selected medicinal plants were evaluated against salbutamol induced myocardial infarction by using Response Surface Methodology. In case of Phase-III, the optimized doses of selected medicinal plants were used to formulate four different herbal combinations with appropriate ratio. The herbal combination (HC4) showed maximum restoration of cardiac markers (CK-MB, AST and LDH) and haemodynamic parameters (MAP, HR, LVEDP). The histopathological examination also confirmed the cardioprotective potential of HC4. Thus the HC4 being safe, inexpensive and cardioprotective herbal combination, could be considered an alternate of synthetic drug.