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Phytochemical Potential of Common Fig Ficus Carica Against Life Style Disorders

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Ajmal

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Food Science & Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12973/1/Muhammad_Ajmal_Food_Science_%26_Technology_HSR_1235_GCU_Faisalabad_03.02.2017.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726931307

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The current research study was designed to characterize leaf, peel and pulp of locally grown black variety of common fig (Ficus carica) followed by development of functional product and exploring its hypocholesterolemic & hypoglycemic potential through animal modelling. For the purpose, raw material (Ficus carica fruit & leaves) was procured from Abbotabad (Khyber Pakhtun Kha) and extracted with aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic solvents. Compositional analysis elucidated that fig components are good source of fiber, protein and minerals. Regarding extraction efficiency, aqueous solvent exhibited the highest recovery (8.17%) followed by methanolic (7.65%) and ethanolic (7.30%) solvents, respectively. Total phenolics, anthocyanins and flavonoids were found in descending order in leaf, peel and pulp, correspondingly. Amount of cyanidine-3-rutinoside was the highest in aqueous extract of fruit peel. Functional cakes were developed from three distinct levels (75, 150 and 225ppm) of leaf, peel and pulp extracts along with control for selection of best treatment and further using in bioevaluation trials. The developed cakes were evaluated in sensory analysis. Likewise, crust color, crumb color, taste & overall quality of cakes were scored best for T1 (150 ppm leaf extract) in comparison to control, while flavor, texture and cell uniformity were not altered by extracts. Afterwards, efficacy study in rats was conducted through two consecutive trials I & II for the validity of results. Rats were segregated into three main groups for normal, hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic studies based on diets. Each study comprised of four groups of rats ten in each. 150ppm leaf, peel and pulp extracts were supplemented in diets in addition to control after confirmation of raised glucose and cholesterol level in different rat groups. The consumption of different fig treatments imparted non-substantial effect on feed and drink intake during entire study. Cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides were significantly reduced by different fig extracts however, pronounced decrease as (10.96 & 11.12), (13.56 & 12.25) and (9.64 & 9.01) % was examined for leaf extract during trial I & II, respectively. The significant increase in HDL was also recorded in rats feeding leaf extract based diet from 59±3.04 to 60.78±3.51 and 57±3.22 to 58.70±3.35 mg/dL, respectively. Fig leaf extract was most effective than rest of the treatments and reduced glucose from 98±4.25 to 90.90±4.38 and 100±4.13 to 93.46±4.29 mg/dL in respective trials. Moreover, insulin level was also improved as 7.12, 5.23 & 3.56% by feeding leaf, peel and pulp extract in trial I and similar trend was observed in trial II. Furthermore, urea & creatinine level of fig extract fed rats was recorded as low as compared to control group, in which pulp affected least these parameters. AST, ALT & ALP concentrations were deceased in normal, hyperglycemic and hypercholesterolemic studies in descending fashion leaf>peel>pulp in both trials. Conclusively, fig leaf should be included in diet therapy in addition to fig fruit due to health promoting potential that can combat lifestyle related disorders.
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مولانا ابوسلمہ شفیع احمد

آہ! مولانا ابوسلمہؒ
(پروفیسر مسعود حسن)
۲۲؍ دسمبر کی دوپہر کو کلکتہ کے مسلمان ایک بڑے المناک سانحہ سے دوچار ہوئے، یہ سانحہ حضرت مولانا ابوسلمہ شفیع احمد صاحبؒ کی رحلت ہے، جو ۵-۴ ماہ کی طویل اور صبر آزما علالت کے بعد ۷۳ سال کی عمر میں اپنے مالک حقیقی سے جاملے۔ اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون، دوسرے دن صبح ۳۰:۱۲ بجے ان کے ہزاروں عقیدت مندوں اور جان نثاروں نے ان کے جسدخاکی کو پارک سرکس سے متصل ایک قبرستان میں جس کا نام ہم ’گورغریباں‘ ہے، یہ کہہ کر سپردخاک کیا کہ:
اے تیرہ خاک خاطرِ مہماں نگاہ دار
کیں نورچشم ماست کہ دربر گرفتہ ای
نور اﷲ مرقدہٗ و برد اﷲ مضجعہ
مولانا مرحوم کے نام اور مقام سے مجھے بہت پہلے سے واقفیت تھی، البتہ باقاعدہ نیاز اور تقریب ۱۹۵۹؁ء میں حاصل ہوا، جب مجھے مدرسۂ عالیہ کلکتہ کی پرنسپلی تفویض ہوئی اور میں مدرسہ پہنچا، مولانا مدرسہ کے ممتاز ترین اساتذہ میں تھے، تفسیر اور حدیث ان کے خاص موضوع تھے اور ان دونوں فنون کی بیشتر متداول کتابوں پر ان کی گہری نظر تھی، وہ مدرسہ کی اونچی جماعتوں میں درس دیتے تھے اور بڑی عزت و احترام کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے تھے۔ میں مدرسہ میں کم و بیش ۵ سال رہا۔ اس پوری مدت میں میرے ان کے تعلقات مخلصانہ رہے اور جب میں وہاں سے رخصت ہوا تو اس کے بعد بھی ان کا اخلاص برابر جاری رہا۔ وہ اکثر میرے غریب خانہ پر تشریف لاتے، گھنٹوں بیٹھتے تھے۔ راقم الحروف بھی ان کی خدمت میں حاضر ہوتا تھا، ان ملاقاتوں میں اکثر علمی گفتگو ہوا کرتی تھی، کبھی کبھی حالات حاضرہ پر بھی تبصرہ ہوا کرتے تھے، مولانا ان مجلسوں میں علم و حکمت کے موتی بکھیر دیتے تھے۔
مولانا کو لکھنے پڑھنے اور تصنیف کا شوق...

چائنہ نمک کی حلت و حرمت کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Monosodium Glutamate is the scientific name of Chinese salt, which also called Ajinomoto. Monosodium Glutamate was first discovered by the Japanese chemist Ikeda Kibunae in 1908. The MSG was firstly derived from seaweed. Later on MSG was got from meat, gluten, and vegetables etc. It can be derived from Najas ul ‘ain and Gher Najas ul ‘ain things. If it was got from Najas ul ‘ain, then there is a question about MSG that is it halal (permissible/ lawful) or haram (non-permissible/unlawful). This research in this article is concluded that if the culture of MSG is halal or the proper Istihalah has been done in Najas; MSG will be halal (permissible/ lawful). However, where no such details are available about the culture of MSG, it should be avoid, although it cannot be declared haram as per Islamic Jurisprudence rules.

An Evaluation of Impact of Monetary Policy on Economy of Pakistan

Objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of monetary policy on the economy of Pakistan in the light of Monetarist and Keynesian views. Keynesian argue that monetary policy is ineffective in stimulating the economic growth of a country, which is said to be determined by the economic growth levels of its large and developed trading partners. Money supply and inflation are considered to be insignificantly related to economic growth. It is further argued that the monetary authorities cannot control money supply changes as desired, namely, to keep them within the set money supply guidelines, because of foreign external forces flowing out of international trade conducted with these large and developed partners. By contrast, the monetarist counter-argument affirms the efficacy of the money supply and inflation in influencing the economic growth of a country. Monetary authorities are said to be capable of controlling money supply via the bank rate (repo rate), that the current level of money supply is significantly related to that of the previous period. By using forty year data, it is evaluated that impact of interest rate on economic growth is negative and at the same time its impact on unemployment is positive. It is also investigated that there exist tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. It is also estimated that current money supply strongly depends upon the money supply of previous period. Impact of monetary base and broad money on economic growth and on unemployment is very much weak near to zero. Saving is the component of aggregate savings and consumption is the necessary component of aggregate demand but it is evaluated that impact of saving on GDP growth rate is significantly positive as compare to consumption. So those policies should be used which are helpful to increase the saving in the xiv country. In the case study of Pakistan, the empirical findings confirm that the economic growth is not significantly related to changes in money supply and inflation but it is significantly related to the changes in real exchange rate and interest rate and that ability of monetary authorities to control money supply is constrained by external factors. While monetary policy is ineffective in controlling changes in the money supply, keeping it within set target limits or guidelines, it is able to influence the current level money supply by operating on that of the previous period.The Keynesian argument that the monetary authorities cannot control money supply changes, i.e. keeping them within set target guidelines, is confirmed. The basis of this argument is said to be the unfair terms of trade faced in dealing with large and developed countries. This is despite the significant relationship between the current level of money supply and that of the previous period.