Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Phytopharmaceutical Evaluation of Various Extracts of Carica Papaya L. Against Dengue Fever

Phytopharmaceutical Evaluation of Various Extracts of Carica Papaya L. Against Dengue Fever

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Hussain, Syed Zohaib

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Pharmaceutics

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11036/1/Syed_Zohaib_Hussain_Pharmaceutics_2019_UoK_Karachi_18.09.2019.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726943627

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Dengue is one of the most leading mosquito-borne viral infection, considered as one of the major health problem associated with high rate of morbidity and motility. The root cause of dengue infection are four distinct but serotypically related virus (DENV-1, 2, 3 and 4). WHO estimated about more than 50,000,000 dengue cases reported worldwide. Primarily, dengue leads to dengue fever (DF), an acute febrile illness, while Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) are secondary infection to DF. To-date, there is no proper medical treatment available against dengue. Recent studies indicated a direct infection of the platelets by the dengue virus. Clinical severity associated with dengue is potentially due to thrombocytopenia while in DHF, thrombocytopenia is associated with increased vascular permeability, haemorrhagic manifestations and any further decrease in platelet counts leads to lethality. So, there is a need of a regimen that can not only improve the disease outcome but also linked with the least side effects. Investigations on the effects of fresh aqueous leaf extract of Carica papaya Linn on the thrombocytes count of DF, DHF and DSS patients has provided promising results because of the presence of alkaloids, saponins and other phenolic compounds in leaves. The use of the papaya aqueous leaf extracts is one of the most inexpensive, therapeutically effective herbal management particularly in the less privileged and dengue endemic under developing countries. The purpose of the present study was to establish the quality standard of male and female papaya leaves separately along with quantification of bioactive compounds as they are important in dengue fever management. A significant difference was observed among alkaloids, phenols and saponins in both the leaves (p<0.01). Phytoconstituents including alkaloids, phenolics and saponins were found to be significantly different (p<0.01) in both male and female aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts. The results delineated that aqueous extracts from female plant is richer in alkaloids while male leaves are richer in phenols. Furthermore, the aqueous crude extract of both male and female plant was accessed for tablet formulation. Extracts were first accessed for microbial contamination test and were found to be negative. Pre formulation studies were performed on both male and female aqueous extracts as well as for excipients. Significant difference (p<0.01)was observed for male and female leaf extract powders relating to bulk density, tapped density and Hausner’s ratio while no significant difference is seen for angle of repose and carr’s index. FTIR analysis was done for male and female aqueous extracts and also for excipient’s compatibility. The Interferogram delineated no significant difference after the addition of excipient to both the dried aqueous extract. All the ingredient showed good flow properties so direct compression method of tablets was selected. Post formulation studies were done on the prepared aqueous male and female leaf extracts tablets including general appearance, weight variation, hardness testing, friability testing, disintegration and dissolution profiles. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for only in disintegration. Tablets were also tested for their stability during storage period of one month. Tablets stored at 40°C and 75% humidity failed to pass the test while at 25°C; normal humidity and 5°C; 0% humidity passed the test. Finally, both kinds of tablets were preliminary analyzed to evaluate their potential role. For the said, six dengue positive subjects (of both gender) were selected based on criteria and administered with the tablets along with the standard therapy. Their platelet count for the next five days were analyzed. Results showed significant potential of aqueous female leaf extracts tablets (p<0.05) as compared to aqueous male leaf extracts tablets in terms of increasing and stabilizing the platelet count during treatment. Previous literature reported in general that Carica papaya aqueous leaf extract can be used as a first aid oral treatment in dengue but the data did not report the difference in phytoconstituents of male and female leaves of the plant separately.The current research depicted this difference.Data from the current research would be useful in development of medication for dengue in future from female plant leaves. However, randomized clinical trials based on large scale are still needed in order to establish potentiating role of Carica papaya aqueous leaf extract, especially from female leaves, in the management and/or treatment of dengue and its associated complication.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو

محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو

سابق وزیر اعظم اور پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کی چیئر پرسن

بے نظیر بھٹو 21جون1953ء کو کراچی میں پیدا ہوئیں ۔ریڈ کلف کالج اور ہارورڈ یونیورسٹی سے اعلیٰ تعلیم کے بعد انہوں نے آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی سے سیاسیات ،اقتصادیات اور فلا سفی میں اعلیٰ ڈگری حاصل کی ۔

بے نظیر بھٹو آکسفورڈ یونیورسٹی یونین کی منتخب ہو نے والی پہلی ایشیائی مسلمان خاتون تھیں جو یونین کی صدر منتخب ہوئیں ۔انہیں دنیائے اسلام کی پہلی خاتون وزیراعظم ہونے کا اعزاز بھی حاصل ہے ۔

اپنی جدو جہدمیں بھی وہ بے نظیر تھیں اور زندگی کی آخری سانسوں تک ہر ظالم و جابر کے سامنے ڈٹی رہیں ۔

بے نظیر بھٹو نے کئی کتابیں بھی لکھیں اور 1988ء اور 1993ء میں دو بار پاکستان کی وزیر اعظم بھی بنیں ۔

27دسمبر 2007ء کو پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کی سربراہ اور سابق وزیر اعظم کو راولپنڈی کے لیاقت باغ میں جلسے کے بعد خودکش حملہ اور فائرنگ کر کے قتل کر دیا گیا ۔اس حملے میں ان کے علاوہ مزید 20افراد جاں بحق ہوئے تھے ۔

 

مزیل الأوهام فیما یتعلق بالاحکام عن المخنث والخنثی

The following research paper focuses on eunuch known in our society as khwaja sara, Hijra and khusra. It address the majors questions such as who they are? Can they be organized as men or women? In parts of our society they have their rights and duties. This paper deals with issues related to their imamat(leadership), testimony, punishment and reward, hajj (pilgremage), blood money, inheritance, funeral rituals, Azan, Wazu, bath etc.   

Social Media and Political Communication: Usage of Facebook and Twitter by the Political Actors of Pakistan and Analysis of Audience Reaction

The advent of social media has opened a multitude of horizons for political actors and their audiences. Social media tools, such as Twitter and Facebook, are considered to be extremely effective means of propagating self-promotion, thereby enabling the political actors to timely inform the audiences about their political activities and views. Most political actors actively use social media to develop their public relations and project and promote their political ideology and preferences. The purpose of this study was to understand the behaviour of political actors of Pakistan in terms of their usage of social media tools like Facebook and Twitter. The theoretical framework of this study was knit around strategic political communication and political public relations. In addition to this reputation management framework and relationship cultivation framework were also incorporated to explore the strategic communication of political actors. For this purpose, the survey was conducted among the political actors who were the members of provincial assemblies (MPAs) and National assembly (MNAs) in the last democratic regime i.e. 2013-2018. The total number of the respondents of survey was 247 out of which 207 were MPAs and 40 were MNAs. The purpose of the survey was to gather information about the purpose of using Facebook and Twitter and the quality of relationship they were cultivating with the audiences. Three different variables of quality: trust, satisfaction and responsiveness were selected from the work of Hon and Gruing (1999) and applied to this study. The content analysis of Facebook pages and Twitter accounts of 34 MNAs was also conducted to evaluate the purpose of using Facebook and Twitter, image building and language used in posts. In addition to this, results of survey of MNAs and content analysis were also compared to see if there was any consistency between the perceived purposes stated by the political actors in the survey vis-à-vis the actual purposes depicted xvii in their shared content. The variable of credibility from the work of Kiousis, Mitrook, Wu & Seltzer (2006) was also studied to explore the reputation management strategy of the political actors. Based on the findings, it was concluded that most of the political actors were using Facebook and Twitter to propagate their own political agendas. They were also sharing personal content to cultivate their relationship with the masses and manage their reputation. Nonetheless, in this process they might be ignoring the quality and strength of the relationships. In terms of audience engagement, it was found that the political actors were generating different audience engagement on Facebook and Twitter with reference to purpose, language, nature and image building. It can also be inferred that the political actors were enjoying more credibility on Facebook as compared to Twitter as they were facing discouraging and abusive comments more on Twitter.